1. Monarchs of Europe CHAPTER 19
11/13/2018
CHAPTER 19
Monarchs of Europe
Section 1: France in the Age of Absolutism
Section 2: Russia in the Age of Absolutism
Section 3: Central Europe in the Age of Absolutism
Section 4: The English Monarchy

2. France in the Age of Absolutism
Section 1:
France in the Age of Absolutism
Objectives:
Explain how Henry VI and Cardinal Richelieu strengthened France.
Analyze Louis XIV’s strategy for strengthening the central government.
Identify Louis XIV’s reasons for waging war and the results.

3. Strengthening the Monarchy
Section 1:
France in the Age of Absolutism
Strengthening the Monarchy
Henry IV (r )
Huguenot (Protestant)
Issued the Edict of Nantes (1598)
Gave freedom of worship and political rights in an attempt to end religious wars
Became a Catholic to unify France
Murdered in 1610

4. Strengthening the Monarchy
Section 1:
France in the Age of Absolutism
Strengthening the Monarchy
Louis XIII (r )
8 years old when he came to the throne
Cardinal Richelieu ( )
worked to reduce strength of nobles and to reform the economy
Transformed France into a strong, centralized state
Goal was to get the king more power

5. France in the Age of Absolutism
Section 1:
France in the Age of Absolutism
Cardinal Richelieu
Created Intendants to be royal officials
Took power away from local aristocrats and gave it to king
Led wars against rebellious Huguenots

6. Strengthening the Monarchy
Section 1:
France in the Age of Absolutism
Strengthening the Monarchy
The Thirty Years’ War
Protestant rebellion against the Catholic Holy Roman Empire
Fought mostly in Germany
France became involved in 1636
ended with Treaty of Westphalia in 1648
Added territory to the country as a result

7. The Sun King (Louis XIV) (1638-1715)
Section 1:
France in the Age of Absolutism
The Sun King (Louis XIV) ( )
Ruled from
Versailles
Palace built by Louis XIV by 1682
expense of palace strained the French economy
Domestic and economic policies
absolute power for king (L’etat, c’est moi)
increased French industry at home and trade abroad
reformed tax system
Became the leading naval power

8. Louis XIV (The Sun King)
Section 1:
France in the Age of Absolutism
Louis XIV (The Sun King)

9. France in the Age of Absolutism
Section 1:
France in the Age of Absolutism
Versailles

10. France in the Age of Absolutism
Section 1:
France in the Age of Absolutism
Versailles

11. France in the Age of Absolutism
Section 1:
France in the Age of Absolutism
Versailles

12. Jean-Baptiste Colbert
Section 1:
France in the Age of Absolutism
Jean-Baptiste Colbert
Minister of Finance under Louis XIV
Goal was the strengthen the French economy
Caused the Huguenots to flee from France

13. France in the Age of Absolutism
Section 1:
France in the Age of Absolutism
The Wars of Louis XIV
Fighting for new territory
4 wars from 1647 to 1713
Went outside the natural borders
other nations created alliance against France to maintain a balance of power
War of the Spanish Succession ( )
Fought to see who would control the throne of Spain
Inherited by Louis XIV grandson
Became a world war

14. France in the Age of Absolutism
Section 1:
France in the Age of Absolutism
The Wars of Louis XIV
Treaty of Utrecht (1713)
provided that French and Spanish monarchies could never be united
Gave some French land in North America to Britain
Louis XIV’s legacy
Made France powerful, but weakened the country financially

15. Russia in the Age of Absolutism
Section 2:
Russia in the Age of Absolutism
Objectives:
Identify ways Russia was isolated from western Europe.
Analyze how Peter the Great used his power to change Russia.
Examine how Catherine the Great expanded Russia’s territory.

16. Isolation and a New Dynasty
Section 2:
Russia in the Age of Absolutism
Isolation and a New Dynasty
Asian influence
Ruled by Mongols for 200 years
Religious differences
Orthodox religion
Geographically separated from Europe

17. Russia in the Age of Absolutism
Section 2:
Russia in the Age of Absolutism
Peter the Great ( )
Peter’s foreign mission
his attempt to form alliances against Ottoman Turks failed,
learned many Western ways by traveling to The Netherlands and England
Westernized Russia
improved training and weaponry of the army
Western architecture (built St. Petersburg)
modernized society

18. Russia in the Age of Absolutism
Section 2:
Russia in the Age of Absolutism
Peter the Great ( )

19. Catherine the Great (1729-1796)
Section 2:
Russia in the Age of Absolutism
Catherine the Great ( )
Catherine’s policies
German wife of the Emperor Peter III
She seized power when Peter came to the throne (1762)
domestic policies were meaningless or harmful to most Russians
foreign policies won new territory and extended the Russian empire
Poland – Russia split Poland with Prussia and Austria
Expansion eastward – Siberia and Alaska

20. Catherine the Great (1729-1796)
Section 2:
Russia in the Age of Absolutism
Catherine the Great ( )

21. Central Europe in the Age of Absolutism
Section 3:
Central Europe in the Age of Absolutism
Objectives:
Explain how the Habsburgs gained and held power.
Explain how the Hohenzollerns rose to power.
Identify the factors that contributed to conflicts between Prussia and Austria.

22. Central Europe in the Age of Absolutism
Section 3:
Central Europe in the Age of Absolutism
Habsburg Austria
Maria Theresa ( )
Pragmatic Sanction allowed her to inherit all Habsburg lands
Strengthened Austria in a series of wars
Had 16 children
Made several reform in Austria
Age 63
Age 11

23. The Rise of the Hohenzollerns
Section 3:
Central Europe in the Age of Absolutism
The Rise of the Hohenzollerns
Frederick William I ( )
sought to make Prussia a great power
Became an elector of the HRE
Created an efficient system of government
Frederick the Great ( )
highly intelligent
expanded territory and prestige
Frederick William I
Frederick the Great

24. Conflict Between Prussia and Austria
Section 3:
Central Europe in the Age of Absolutism
Conflict Between Prussia and Austria
War of the Austrian Succession ( )
Prussia, France and Spain fought Austria and Britain to prevent Maria Theresa from becoming Empress
The Diplomatic Revolution – reversal of alliances resulted in France and Austria opposing Prussia and Great Britain
The Seven Years’ War ( )
began in North America as the French and Indian War
Austria, France, and Russia fought Britain and Prussia
The years of peace – European powers reluctant to fight again, so rebuilt and strengthened kingdoms at home

25. The English Monarchy Objectives: Section 4:
Describe the rule of Mary Tudor of England.
Describe the rule of Elizabeth I.
Explain the problems James I faced in ruling England.

26. The English Monarchy The House of Tudor Section 4: Mary I (r. 1553-58)
Catholic ruler of Protestant England
married Philip II of Spain (cousin)
Persecuted Protestant clergy
Failed because persecutions were too extreme
Known as “Bloody Mary”
Mary I

27. The Reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603)
Section 4:
The English Monarchy
The Reign of Elizabeth I ( )
Elizabeth
Became Queen after her sister
Mary Queen of Scots – Mary plotted to kill Elizabeth; Elizabeth had Mary beheaded
The Spanish Armada (1588)
English ships defeated “Invincible Armada”
Religious problems
Puritans wanted to rid church of all Catholic practices; Tudors persecuted non-Anglicans
Relations with Parliament – Parliament challenged royal power, but Elizabeth managed them skillfully

28. The English Monarchy James I (r. 1603-25) Section 4:
Son of Mary Queen of Scots, ruled both England and Scotland
Strong supporter of Anglican Church, which caused conflicts with Puritans
King James Version of Bible
Lacked economic, diplomatic skill
Did not fully understand English parliamentary system
Believed in divine right of kings

29. Central Europe in the Age of Absolutism
Section 3:
Central Europe in the Age of Absolutism
James I
Elizabeth I

30. The Thirty Years War
Punishments of Charles I