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Sexual and Asexual reproduction
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# of Parents Sexual Asexual Two parents give DNA to offspring
One parent gives DNA to offspring
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Genetic Variation Sexual Asexual
Offspring is genetically unique from parents Offspring is identical to (a clone) its parent
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Mechanism Sexual Asexual
Involves egg and sperm (gametes) which combine (fertilization) no egg AND sperm involved
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Parental care Sexual Asexual parents usually care for their offspring
usually no parental care
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EXAMPLES: Asexual BUDDING – a bud grows off a parent
hydra sponge yeast
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EXAMPLES: Asexual FISSION – splits in two equal parts
bacteria amoeba euglena
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EXAMPLES: Asexual FRAGMENTATION – parent breaks into
pieces which form new individuals blackworms coral
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EXAMPLES: Asexual REGENERATION – an organism can grow a replacement body part starfish planarian
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EXAMPLES:Asexual SPORE – asexual reproductive cell fungi ferns
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EXAMPLES: Asexual VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION – ability
of plants to produce new plants from part of the original plant - spider plants, aspen trees, strawberries
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EXAMPLES: Sexual FERTILIZATION – mixing of male and female genes
protists plants animals
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pollination/fertilization
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ADVANTAGES: Sexual have a mate (to help with offspring, etc.)
can choose the “best” traits in mate increased variation/variety less likely for bad genes/traits to be passed on good for CHANGING environments
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ADVANTAGES: Asexual don’t have to find a mate
(good if you can’t or don’t move) get more offspring faster doesn’t take much energy all of the genes are passed on good in STABLE environments
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Which produces more offspring faster?
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DISADVANTAGES: Sexual
may not choose the best mate Only 50% of genes passed on takes more energy less offspring takes longer
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DISADVANTAGES: Asexual
no variety – every one is the same fight for food and space all bad genes/traits are passed on not good for changing environments
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