1. Symbiosis

2. Our goal for today is to answer these questions:
What is symbiosis?
What are the different kinds of symbiosis?
What are some examples of symbiosis?

3. the act of living together
What is symbiosis?
the act of living together

4. Symbiosis What it means: Two organisms that live together
Temporarily or for a longer time
At least one of the organisms benefits from the relationship

5. What are the different kinds of symbiosis?
Mutualism
Commensalism
both organisms benefit
one organism benefits
one organism is unaffected
Parasitism
one organism benefits
one organism is harmed
Competition
two species share a requirement for a limited resource
Predation
the act of preying for food

6. Organism One Organism Two
Mutualism
Organism One Organism Two

7. Organism One Organism Two
Commensalism
Organism One Organism Two

8. Organism One Organism Two
Parasitism
Organism One Organism Two

9. Predation
Predator
Prey

10. Competition

11. What symbiotic relationship is this?
Acacia Plant & Ants
The ants lay eggs on acacia tree so they get a nice safe place for their eggs. The acacia covers the infected area with brown flesh (called a gall.) The plant has to use valuable resources to create the gall.
parasitism
What symbiotic relationship is this?

12. What symbiotic relationship is this?
Anemone & Anemone Fish
This fish lives its entire adult life among the tentacles of a bulb- tentacle sea anemone. Anemone fish do not get stung by the anemone as would most other fish so they get protection from predators. The fish often drop food scraps which the anemones can eat.
mutualism
What symbiotic relationship is this?

13. Grizzly Bear & Salmon predation
The Grizzly Bear braces itself as it waits for salmon to jump upstream to their breeding grounds. The bears rely on the salmon for nutrition.
predation

14. What symbiotic relationship is this?
Boxer Crab & Anemones
This Boxer Crab carries a pair of stinging anemones in its claws, which it uses to defend itself from predators. The anemones get to move around which increases their food supply.
mutualism
What symbiotic relationship is this?

15. What symbiotic relationship is this?
Shark & Remora
The remora attaches itself to the shark and saves energy since it doesn’t have to swim, and it gets to snack on the sharks kills. The shark doesn’t get anything.
commensalism
What symbiotic relationship is this?

16. Elk
A battle or contest between individuals, groups, animals, etc. for territory, a niche, or a location of resources. It arises whenever two or more parties strive for a goal which cannot be shared.
Images from Wikimedia
Competition

17. Emperor Shrimp & Sea Cucumber
This tiny emperor shrimp is riding along on the back of a sea cucumber (a long worm-like starfish relative) while it crawls along a sandy bottom. The shrimp gets to travel around under the protection of its much larger partner, and the sea cucumber doesn't seem to mind.
commensalism
What symbiotic relationship is this?

18. Moray Eel & Cleaner Fish
This moray eel has a small fish cleaning between its teeth. The eel gets a clean mouth while the cleaner fish gets a nice meal.
mutualism
What symbiotic relationship is this?

19. What symbiotic relationship is this?
Cattle & Cattle Egrets
As these cattle walk around eating grass they stir up lots of insects. The egrets hang around and get a yummy meal of insects.
What symbiotic relationship is this?
commensalism

20. Southern Elephant Seals
Male on male combat occurs in many species including serious battles between male southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) which use their teeth to gash competitors.
Images from Wikimedia
Competition

21. What symbiotic relationship is this?
Clown Fish & Anemone
This clown fish swims in the anemone and gets protection, since its predators will get stung. The anemone is unaffected.
What symbiotic relationship is this?
commensalism

22. What symbiotic relationship is this?
Antelope & Ox Bird
This ox bird hangs out on the antelope and gets a delicious meal of bugs living on the antelope. The antelope gets rid of parasites.
What symbiotic relationship is this?
mutualism

23. What symbiotic relationship is this?
Loa Loa Worm & Human
This worm infects human the blood stream and gets a nice warm safe home there. The human may go blind or have other complications as a result.
What symbiotic relationship is this?
parasitism

24. Goby and Alpheid Shrimp
This alpheid shrimp (on
the right) uses its strong claws like a bulldozer to create a burrow in the sand. The shrimp is nearly blind. It relies upon its partner, the sharp-eyed goby, to warn of danger. When a potential predator approaches, both animals disappear quickly into the burrow
mutualism
What symbiotic relationship is this?

25. Hawk and Mouse Predation
Birds of prey hunt for small rodents, fish and reptiles high above ground. They have very keen eye sight which allows them to see the small prey scampering through the grass or water.

26. Wrasse & Batfish Can you see the two cleaner wrasses are
removing parasites from a batfish? One of the wrasses has entered the gill slit of the batfish, and may even enter its
mouth in search of food. The batfish gets a bath and the wrasse gets a meal.
What symbiotic relationship is this?
mutualism

27. Hummingbird Moth & Flower
mutualism
This hummingbird moth is drinking the nectar of a flower. The flower gets pollinated (the moth brings pollen from other flowers) and the moth gets a tasty meal.
What symbiotic relationship is this?

28. That’s it!