1. How to evolve regulation with technologies for the effective spectrum management
Doriana Guiducci, Peter Faris, José Carrascosa – European Communications Office
IEEE PIMRC 2018
9-12 September 2018 Bologna, Italy

2. Radio regulatory environment in Europe
At national level, radio spectrum is managed by National Administrations.
At European level, the European Commission (EC), ETSI, and the Electronic Communications Committee (ECC) of the European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations (CEPT) cooperate on aspects related to the regulatory environment for radio equipment and spectrum.

3. ECC Strategic Plan: principles to address challenges
The ECC identified the following core principles to address major spectrum challenges:
Spectrum sharing: More sophisticated sharing between licensed and unlicensed users (e.g. cognitive techniques, licensed shared access)
Receiver parameters: Improve harmonised standards to clearly specify minimum receiver performance requirements, and faciliate sharing by more accurate modelling of receiver performance in studies
Promote use of higher frequencies: Support innovation in the use of large contiguous blocks of spectrum in higher frequeuncy bands (e.g. millimetre wave bands above 20 GHz)

4. 5G – the next generation of mobile broadband
5G is a concept currently under development and discussion within academia, industry, regulation and standardisation
The aim is to provide:
Higher data-rates – peak rates of tens of Gbps
Low latency – order of 1 ms
Increased density of devices – 1 million per km2
Seamless connectivity and user experience
To support a range of ‘vertical’ applications (not just mobile broadband):
Internet of things and M2M
Automotive
Home automation
Industrial automation and sensors
Healthcare

5. Spectrum engineering as the basis for the evolution of spectrum regulation
Spectrum engineering is the basis for the development and the continuous update of proper rules, strategies, plans and guidelines for the management of spectrum.
Coexistence studies provide the elements for the periodic revision or the issue of new rules
Balance between the facilitating the evolution of new systems and the safeguard of systems already in place
Different approaches to assess coexistence:
Theoretical studies: MCL, Monte Carlo simulations, etc.
Measurements
Trials

6. The efficient use of spectrum: the Transmitter side
ETSI Harmonised Standards define specific requirements for the out-of-band domain and reflect relevant limits from ERC Recommendation 74‑01.
ERC REC provides general requirements for spurious emissions in all frequency bands and is currently under revision to ensure spurious emissions limits suitable for accommodate new technologies.
Major challenges raised by 5G technologies, using active antenna systems (AAS), a key feature for 5G New Radio (NR) and LTE evolution products.

7. The efficient use of spectrum: the Receiver side
Receiver requirements are typically only mandated through ETSI harmonised standards. The EU Radio Equipment Directive (RED) covers both the transmitter and the receiver sides and requires that equipment “shall be so constructed that it both effectively uses and supports the efficient use of radio spectrum in order to avoid harmful interference”.
Higher costs if improved filtering is mandatory.
Challenge to define performance requirements for ‘non-classical’ radio equipment (e.g. UWB, inductive devices).
Certainty of equipment performance
Better information for use in coexistence studies

8. What is SEAMCAT? Spectrum Engineering Advanced Monte Carlo Analysis Tool
Open Source software tool
Based on the Monte Carlo simulation method for statistical modelling of interference scenarios between radio communication systems
Free of cost
Used across the world
A free of cost, open-source software tool, SEAMCAT performs calculations based on the Monte Carlo simulation method for statistical modelling of different radio interference scenarios. It has been developed to analyse a diverse range of complex spectrum engineering and radio compatibility problems. It aims to obtain close-to-reality results, increasing the chances of using the radio spectrum efficiently.
The source code can be downloaded free of charge after signing a licence agreement. Further information is to be found at the SEAMCAT Source Code page:
The source code can be downloaded free of charge after signing a licence agreement. Further information is to be found at the SEAMCAT Source Code page:
José Carrascosa (ECO)

9. Schematic compatibility scenario
Two systems composed each by one transmitter and one receiver:
Victim System
Interfering System
The victim receiver gets mainly two types of signals:
wanted signal from its corresponding transmitter.
interfering signal(s) originated at the interfering transmitter

10. Case study: IMT-2020 vs EESS
IMT-2020 mobile system (interfering link) onto an EESS space-to-earth (s-E) data relay receiving earth station (victim link).
Co-channel interference
Both systems operate at 26 GHz with a channel bandwidth of 200 MHz.
Link 1ILT
Link 1ILR
VLR
VLT

11. Case study: Parameters
IMT-2020
EESS Earth-Station Rx
Parameter
Base station (interfering Tx)
User equipment (interfering Rx)
Frequency
26 GHz
Channel bandwidth
200 MHz
Antenna array
8x8 elements
4x4 elements
Element gain
5 dBi
Main beam antenna gain
23 dBi
17 dBi
Total output power
25 dBm
19 dBm
Effective isotropic radiated power
48 dBm
36 dBm
Antenna height
6 m a.g.l.
1.5 m a.g.l.
Antenna panel boresight elevation
-10 degrees
Uniform distribution between -90° and 90°
Antenna panel boresight azimuth
Uniform distribution 0° °
Uniform distribution between 0° and 180°
Antenna electrical steering
Directed towards the user equipment
Directed towards BS
Antenna pattern
Beam forming
Parameter
EESS (victim receiver)
Frequency
26 GHz
Bandwidth
200 MHz
Antenna diameter
6.8 m
Antenna center height
6 m a.g.l.
Antenna gain
61.8 dBi
Antenna pattern
ITU-R S.465 [15]
Antenna elevation
30.2 degrees
Antenna azimuth
0 degrees
Geostationary satellite location
9⁰ East
I0/N0 (0.1% of time)
-6 dB [16]
System noise temperature
300 K [17]
The adopted assumptions and parameters are taken as an example and do not necessarily reflect the most accurate description of real systems and interference scenarios.

12. Case Study: Results Interference probability = (1-CDF) x 100
Protection distance
Free Space
ITU-R P
100 m
2.22%
1.83%
1 km
1.85%
1.13%
2 km
1.1%
0.69%
Monte Carlo simulation area:
10 km‑radius circle centered in the EESS earth station
Protection distance around the victim receiver where the mobile system cannot be located:
100 m, 1 km and 2 km
Number of events:
20000
CDF of the I/N values for different protection distances
(propagation modeled with ITU-R P.452)

13. Conclusions
Efficient use of spectrum relies on proper policies and regulations.
The evolution of technologies such as 5G mobile calls for a continuous update of the regulatory framework on spectrum.
Spectrum engineering is essential to assess under which conditions different systems can coexist and consequently define proper rules to access spectrum for new comers.
As for upcoming 5G systems, ECC adopted the CEPT roadmap for 5G, a comprehensive list of actions dealing with the harmonisation of spectrum, preparation for WRC-19, vertical industry needs and other spectrum challenges.

14. THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION
European Communications Office
Copenhagen, Denmark