1. Chapter 5 Respiratory System
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

2. Chapter 5
Lesson 5.1
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
5-2

3. Objectives Identify organs and structures of the respiratory system.
Define and spell the word parts related to the respiratory system.
Define, pronounce and spell disease and disorder terms related to the respiratory system.
Define, pronounce and spell surgical terms related to the respiratory system.
Using the objectives, inform the students of what they are expected to learn in Lesson 5.1
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

4. Respiratory System Function
Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and body cells.
The process is called respiration.
External respiration (breathing): Oxygen passes from lungs to blood (capillaries) and carbon dioxide passes from capillaries back into lungs to be expelled.
Internal respiration: The body cells take on oxygen from the blood and give back carbon dioxide, which is transported back to the lungs.
What are other terms for respiration?
What are the chemical symbols for oxygen and carbon dioxide?
Ask students to time their breathing. Do respirations occur every 3-5 seconds?
Discuss the differences between external and internal respiration.
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

5. Organs of the Respiratory System
What is the relationship between the epiglottis and the trachea?
Which have a larger diameter, bronchi or bronchioles?
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

6. Organs of the Respiratory System
nose: lined with mucous membrane and fine hairs; acts as a filter to moisten and warm the entering air
pharynx (throat): serves as a food and air passageway
adenoid: lymphoid tissue located behind the nasal cavity
tonsils: lymphoid tissue located behind the mouth
The nose includes the nasal septum and paranasal sinuses.
How is food separated from air once it passes through the pharynx?
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

7. Organs of the Respiratory System (cont’d.)
larynx (voice box): location of the vocal cords
epiglottis: flap of cartilage that automatically covers the opening of the larynx during swallowing and keeps food from entering the larynx
trachea: passageway for air to the bronchi
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

8. Organs of the Respiratory System (cont’d.)
bronchus: one of two branches from the trachea, which conducts air into the lungs, where it divides and subdivides (referred to as a bronchial tree).
bronchioles: smallest subdivision of the bronchial tree
alveoli: air sacs at the end of the bronchioles; oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged through alveolar walls and capillaries
What fruit are alveoli often compared to? (grapes)
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

9. Organs of the Respiratory System (cont’d.)
lungs: 2 sponge-like organs in the thoracic cavity (right lung has 3 lobes; left lung has 2 lobes)
pleura: serous membrane covering each lung and lining the thoracic cavity
diaphragm: muscular partition that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity; aids in breathing
mediastinum: space between the lungs
What is the most notable feature of the mediastinum? (It is the location of the heart.)
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

10. Combining Forms for the Respiratory System
adenoid/o
alveol/o
bronchi/o, bronch/o
diaphragmat/o
epiglott/o
laryng/o
lob/o
nas/o, rhin/o
pharyng/o
pleur/o
pneum/o, pneumat/o, pneumon/o
pulmon/o
Present the meaning and use of the combining forms on this list and give examples on how they may be used.
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

11. Combining Forms for the Respiratory System (cont’d.)
sept/o
sinus/o
thorac/o
tonsill/o
trache/o
Tonsil has one l, the combining form has two “l’s.”
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

12. Combining Forms Commonly Used with Respiratory System Terms
atel/o
capn/o
hem/o, hemat/o
muc/o
orth/o
ox/o, ox/i
py/o
spir/o
The combining vowels o and i are used with the word root ox.
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

13. Prefixes a-, an- endo- eu- pan- poly- tachy-
Present the meaning of the prefixes on this list and give examples on how they may be used.
The prefix an- (versus a-) is used when the word root begins with a vowel.
What other word also means “within”?
What words, not necessarily medical terms, begin with pan- or poly-?
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

14. Suffixes -algia -ar, -ary -cele -centesis -eal -ectasis -emia -graphy
-meter
-metry
-pexy
Present the meaning of the suffixes on this list and give examples on how they may be used.
What terms denoting pain contain -algia?
What terms denoting blood contain -emia?
What is the difference between the suffixes -meter and -metry?
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

15. Suffixes (cont’d.) -rrhagia -scope -scopic -scopy -spasm -stenosis
-stomy
-thorax
-tomy
What medical instruments contain -scope?
What is a term for irregular breathing?
What medical terms contain -stomy?
What is the difference among the suffixes -scope, -scopic and –scopy?
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

16. Clicker Question Which of the following is the combining form
that means chest?
-thorax
-pexy
thorac/o
pleur/o
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

17. Disease and Disorder Terms Built from Word Parts
adenoiditis
atelectasis
bronchiectasis
bronchitis
bronchogenic carcinoma
bronchopneumonia
diaphragmatocele
epiglottitis
hemothorax
laryngitis
laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB)
lobar pneumonia
nasopharyngitis
pansinusitis
pharyngitis
pleuritis
What is the Greek form for atelectasis?
When is the term atelectasis used?
What is another term for rhinorrhagia?
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

18. Disease and Disorder Terms Built from Word Parts (cont’d.)
pneumatocele
pneumoconiosis
pneumonia
pneumonitis
pneumothorax
pulmonary neoplasm
pyothorax
rhinitis
rhinomycosis
rhinorrhagia
thoracalgia
tonsillitis
tracheitis
tracheostenosis
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

19. Atelectasis Showing Collapsed Alveoli
What could cause the collapse of the alveoli?
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

20. Disease and Disorder Terms Not Built from Word Parts
adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
asthma
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
coccidioidomycosis
cor pulmonale
croup
cystic fibrosis (CF)
deviated septum
emphysema
epistaxis
influenza (flu)
What is the term for “respiratory distress for newborns”?
Symptoms of ARDS include dyspnea, rapid breathing, and cyanosis.
What are some of the disorders in COPD?
What type of foreign matter would be involved in a pulmonary embolism?
What is the cause of tuberculosis? Is tuberculosis infectious?
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

21. Disease and Disorder Terms Not Built from Word Parts (cont’d)
Legionnaire disease
obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)
pertussis
pleural effusion
pulmonary edema
pulmonary embolism (PE)
tuberculosis (TB)
upper respiratory infection (URI)
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

22. Clicker Question Which of the following correctly labels the diagram?
pneumothorax
pleurothorax
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

23. Surgical Terms Built from Word Parts
adenoidectomy
adenotome
bronchoplasty
laryngectomy
laryngoplasty
laryngostomy
laryngotracheotomy
lobectomy
pleuropexy
pneumobronchotomy
pneumonectomy
Why would a patient need to have one of the lobes of his lung removed?
What is video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS)?
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

24. Surgical Terms Built from Word Parts (cont’d)
rhinoplasty
septoplasty
septotomy
sinusotomy
thoracocentesis
thoracotomy
tonsillectomy
tracheoplasty
tracheostomy
tracheotomy
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

25. Clicker Question Which of the following correctly labels the diagram?
thoracocentesis
tracheoplasty
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

26. Chapter 5
Lesson 5.2
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

27. Objectives
Define, pronounce and spell diagnostic terms related to the respiratory system
Define, pronounce and spell complementary terms related to the respiratory system.
Interpret the meaning of abbreviations related to the respiratory system.
Interpret, read and comprehend medical language in simulated medical statements and documents.
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

28. Types of Diagnostic Imaging Procedures
radiography: radiographic images of internal organs using ionizing radiation
nuclear medicine: scans using radioactive material to determine the functional capacity of an organ
ultrasound: sonograms, or echograms, using high-frequency sound waves to create an image of body organs
computed tomography (CT scans): computerized images of body organs in slices, horizontally
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI scans): gives information about the body’s biochemistry by placing the patient in a magnetic field
Discuss the types of diagnostic procedures the student will encounter in the diagnostic terms word lists in this and subsequent chapters.
Discuss the types of diagnostic imaging procedures.
What condition or disease might be diagnosed with a chest radiograph?
What diseases or disorders is an MRI typically used to diagnose?
CT slices are like slices of bread.
If a patient has metal in his body, he can’t have an MRI.
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

29. Other Types of Diagnostic Procedures
endoscopy: endoscopes, which are lighted, flexible instruments, are used for visual examination of a hollow organ or body cavity
laboratory: diagnostic procedures performed on specimens such as blood, tissue, sputum, and urine
pulmonary function tests: diagnostic tests performed to determine lung function
Discuss the types of diagnostic procedures other than diagnostic imaging.
Which hollow organs or body cavities would require use of an endoscope?
What else might an endoscope be used for?
What are some examples of lab tests?
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

30. Diagnostic Terms Built from Word Parts
bronchoscope
bronchoscopy
capnometer
endoscope
endoscopic
endoscopy
laryngoscope
laryngoscopy
oximeter
polysomnography (PSG)
spirometer
spirometry
thoracoscope
thoracoscopy
How do you measure carbon dioxide?
How do you measure oxygen?
Which of these terms have prefixes?
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

31. Pulse Oximetry What does an oximeter measure?
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

32. Spirometer Capnometer Spirometer What does a spirometer measure?
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

33. Diagnostic Terms Not Built from Word Parts
Diagnostic imaging
chest CT (computed tomography) scan
chest radiograph
ventilation-perfusion scanning
Laboratory
acid-bacilli (AFB) smear
Pulmonary function
arterial blood gases (ABGs)
pulmonary function tests (PFTs)
pulse oximetry
Other
PPD skin test
What would a CT scan be used to diagnose?
What body parts would be examined by a CT scan?
What is a helical computed topography (CT) scan?
What type of scan is a ventilation-perfusion scan?
What disease is caused by acid-fast bacilli?
What gases would be measured by ABGs?
What would be determined by PFTs?
How is pulse oximetry performed?
What is meant by “noninvasive?”
How is a PPD performed?
What would a positive result in a PPD mean?
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

34. Clicker Question Which of the following is a diagnostic imaging term?
pulse oximetry
chest radiograph
AFB smear
PPD skin test
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

35. Complementary Terms Built from Word Parts
acapnia
anoxia
aphonia
apnea
bronchoalveolar
bronchospasm
diaphragmatic
dysphonia
dyspnea
endotracheal
eupnea
hypercapnia
hyperpnea
hypocapnia
hypopnea
hypoxemia
hypoxia
Where does acapnia occur?
Where does anoxia occur?
What might cause aphonia?
Where would hypercapnia occur?
What might cause hypercapnia?
Where would hypocapnia occur?
What might cause hypopnea?
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

36. Complementary Terms Built from Word Parts (cont’d.)
intrapleural
laryngeal
laryngospasm
mucoid
mucous
nasopharyngeal
orthopnea
phrenalgia
phrenospasm
pulmonary
pulmonologist
pulmonology
rhinorrhea
tachypnea
thoracic
What disease might cause rhinorrhea?
What is the difference between rhinorrhagia and rhinorrhea?
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

37. Compare and Contrast a/pne/a dys/pne/a eu/pne/a hyper/pne/a hypo/pne/a
orth/o/pne/a
tachy/pne/a
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

38. Complementary Terms Not Built from Word Parts
airway
asphyxia
aspirate
bronchoconstrictor
bronchodilator
cough
hiccup
hyperventilation
hypoventilation
mucopurulent
mucus
What is the difference between hyperventilation and hypoventilation?
What might a person do to relieve hyperventilation?
What might be a symptom of hypoventilation?
What might cause a discharge of mucopurulent matter?
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

39. Complementary Terms Not Built from Word Parts (cont’d.)
nebulizer
nosocomial infection
paroxysm
patent
sputum
ventilator
What type of respiratory conditions might be treated with a nebulizer?
What might cause a nosocomial infection?
From where would sputum be expelled?
When would a ventilator be used?
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

40. Clicker Question Acapnia, hypocapnia and hypercapnia are
terms describing the amount of ______ in the
blood.
carbon dioxide
oxygen
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

41. Abbreviations ABGs CXR AFB Flu ARDS LLL CF LTB CO2 LUL O2 COPD OSA CT
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

42. Abbreviations (cont’d.)PE
PFTs
PSG
RLL
RUL TB
URI
VPS
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

43. Read Medical Terms In Use
A 24-year-old man visited the emergency department because of dyspnea, hyperpnea, paroxysms of cough (kawf), and the presence of thick, tenacious mucus. He had a history of asthma since the age of 12 years. A chest radiograph was negative for pneumonia. Arterial blood gases showed hypoxemia but no hypercapnia. Pulmonary function tests disclosed bronchoconstriction, which was corrected by a bronchodilator. A nebulizer was prescribed for treatment. The asthma attack was probably precipitated by an episode of bronchitis.
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.