1. The beginning of our review!!!!

2. What are we reviewing today you might ask?
Atmosphere structure and properties (you need to really know temperature and pressure trends!)
Air Pressure
Greenhouse Effect and Ozone
Pressure Systems (weather)
Coriolis Effect
Air Mass/ Source Region/ Fronts

3. Atmosphere Review

4. THE EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE: Atmospheric Layers

5. Atmosphere
A mixture of gases that surrounds a planet or moon.

6. Gases of the Atmosphere
Nitrogen (N2) = 78%
Oxygen (O2)= 21%
Trace gases= 1%
Argon
CO2
Neon
Methane
Krypton
Hydrogen
Nitrogen (N2) = 78%
Oxygen (O2)= 21%
Trace gases= 1%
Argon
CO2
Neon
Methane
Krypton
Hydrogen

7. Atmospheric Pressure
Gravity pulls down on the air molecules. When gravity does this the layers become compressed and pushes down on the layer below.
Bill Nye:

8. Air Pressure
Air pressure Decreases as you go Higher Air pressure Increases as you go Lower

9. With your partner….
Teach each other what you just learned about air pressure.
Ask these questions:
What are the gasses in the atmosphere?
What are the percentages of those gases?
What happens to air pressure as ALTITUDE increases or decreases.

10. What do Ogres, Onions, and the Atmosphere have in common?
LAYERS!
Earth’s atmosphere is made up of layers that have distinct characteristics.

11. These layers are the… The troposphere, the stratosphere,
the mesosphere,
the thermosphere,
Ionosphere
The Exosphere

12. Troposphere Temperatures decreases
Closest to the Earth’s surface 0-15 km
Contains all WEATHER
Contains almost 90% of the atmosphere’s total mass!

13. Stratosphere Extends from 15-50 km.
Temperature rises as altitude increases.
Contains the Ozone Layer.

14. Mesosphere Extends 50-80 km.
Lower limit for aircraft travel; upper limit for spacecraft travel.
Coldest layer
Shooting Stars – Meteors burn up

15. Thermosphere Extends 80-500 km. No exchange of thermal energy.
Density is LOW
Temperature increases with altitude.
Contains electrically charged particles.
Area in which Auroras/Northern Lights occur.

16. Exosphere Absorbs harmful solar energy. End of the atmosphere
Beginning of outer space!

17. With your partner, Ask these questions:
Teach each other what you just reviewed about the layers of the atmosphere.
Ask these questions:
What are the layers?
What are 2 unique characteristics of those layers?
What does the temperature do in each layer?

18. Greenhouse Effect and the Ozone Layer
9/16/2015
Greenhouse Effect and the Ozone Layer
What is the ozone layer?
Where is it located?
What is it made out of?
Why is it important?
How does it influence the greenhouse effect?

19. Energy Transfer through the Atmosphere
The transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves, or energy that can travel through space is called radiation. .

20. 99% of radiant energy from the sun that reaches the earth is either: 1
99% of radiant energy from the sun that reaches the earth is either: 1.Visible Light - majority of sunlight in the form of a mixture of all the colors you see in a rainbow. 2.Infrared Radiation - form of energy with wavelengths longer than visible light and is not visible but can be felt as heat. 3.Ultraviolet Radiation- has short wavelengths and can break chemical bonds

21. Draw this chart next to your notes

22. Greenhouse Effect
The greenhouse effect is the Natural Process that keeps Earth warm. The greenhouse effect helps to regulate temperature on Earth.
As sunlight enters the atmosphere, it is converted to infrared radiation and is trapped by gases in the air.
The gases that trap this infrared radiation are called greenhouse gases.

23. Thermal energy is transfered through the atmosphere by:
radiation - (see above definition); sunlight reaches Earth’s atmosphere.
2. conduction - transfer of thermal energy by contact of particles of matter; occurs when atmosphere touches Earth.
3. convection - transfer of thermal energy by movement of particles with in matter; heating of air currents.

25. The Ozone Layer is one layer of the stratosphere, the second layer of the Earth’s atmosphere.
The Stratosphere is the mass of protective gases clinging to our planet.
Remember that - As elevation increases, the temperature increases , therefore the stratosphere gets warmer.
The stratosphere increases in warmth with elevation because ozone gases in the upper layers absorb intense radiation from the sun.

27. The Greenhouse Effect

29. Weather Review

30. Lets start with pressure systems! Air Pressure and Weather
Cyclones and Anticyclones

31. High Pressure vs. Low Pressure
Think about your ears popping!
Why do our ears pop?
When do our ears pop?

32. Your ears pop to release pressure!
Air moves in pressure systems very similarly to how the air moves when our ears “pop”!

33. High and Low Pressure Systems

34. How does air move?!?
Air moves from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure .
High Low

35. Air Pressure and Weather
Cyclones
An area in the atmosphere that has lower pressure than the surrounding areas.
Air masses converge or move together; winds spiral toward the center

36. Air Pressure and Weather
Anticyclones
Areas where air diverges or moves apart and sinks. Sinking air is denser than surrounding air.
Rotates in a direction opposite to Earth’s rotation.

37. Pressure Systems vs. Weather

38. Air Pressure and Weather
Cyclones form clouds and rain when the rising air cools.
Cyclones cause stormy weather.
Anticyclones cause dry, clear weather because as the air sinks it gets warmer and absorbs moisture.

40. How are you feeling so far?

41. One more topic!

42. Air Mass/Source Region
Air Mass is a large body of air where temperature and moisture content are similar throughout.
Moisture content and temperature are determined by the area over which the air mass is formed called source regions.

43. Air Mass Air Mass is designated by a two-letter symbol.
The first letter indicates moisture content.
Continental– forms over continents
Maritime – forms over oceans

44. Temperature: The second letter represents temperature.
Polar– cold air masses
Tropical– warm air masses

45. Moisture Content vs. Temperature

46. Cold Air Mass
There are three polar air masses that influence the weather in the United States.
Continental polar
Maritime polar: over the North Pacific Ocean
Maritime polar: over the North Atlantic ocean

47. Warm Air Masses
There are three warm air masses that influence the weather in the United States.
Maritime tropical: that develops over the Gulf of Mexico
Maritime tropical: that develops over the Pacific Ocean
Continental tropical

48. Coriolis Effect
The appearance of air deflecting (spinning) due to the rotation of the Earth under the layers of gases (atmosphere).

49. Fronts
Fronts are the boundary between air masses of different densities and usually different temperatures.
There are four types of fronts: cold fronts, warm fronts, occluded fronts, and stationary fronts.

50. Cold Front
A cold front forms when cold air moves under warm air and pushes the warm air up.
Cooler weather follows cold fronts.
Cold fronts bring thunderstorms, heavy rain or snow.

51. Warm Front
A warm front forms when warm air moves over cold, denser air.
Warm fronts bring drizzly rain and are followed by clear warm weather.

52. Occluded Front
An occluded fronts form when a warm air mass is caught between two cooler air masses.
Occluded front has cool temperatures and large amounts of rain and snow.

53. Stationary Front
A stationary front forms when a cold air mass meets a warm air mass.
A stationary front often brings many days of cloudy, wet weather.

54. Weather https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G7Ewqm0YHUI

55. Create your own PowerPoint presentation!
You will need to create a PowerPoint presentation that includes the information for the next three slides.
Your presentations will need to include the following pieces of information:
Titles
The standard (listed on the insruction slide).
Pictures
Information on the standard.
There are questions to guide you that are included on the instruction slide.

56. Things to include in your PowerPoint:
7.E.1.1 Compare the composition, properties and structure of Earth’s atmosphere to include mixtures of gases and differences in temperature and pressure within layers.
Things to include in your PowerPoint:
The order of the atmosphere layers.
Unique characteristics of each layer.
What do the temperatures do in each layer?
Why is the temperature of the stratosphere higher/warmer?
What happens to air pressure as you go higher into the atmosphere?
What are the various gasses that make up the atmosphere?

57. Things to include in your PowerPoint:
7.E.1.3 Explain the relationship between the movement of air masses, high and low pressure systems, and frontal boundaries to storms and other weather conditions that may result.
Things to include in your PowerPoint:
Source regions, what are they, where are they?
What are fronts and where are they located?
What are the four main types of fronts and their associated weather?
Draw a diagram of a high pressure system and a low pressure system.
What type of weather do you find with a high pressure system and a low pressure system?

58. Things to include in your PowerPoint:
7.E.1.2 Explain how the cycling of water in and out of the atmosphere and atmospheric conditions relate to the weather patterns on earth.
Things to include in your PowerPoint:
What are the steps in the water cycle?
What is weather?
Why is the water cycle important for weather?