1. Sedimentary Rocks c. Classify rocks by their process of formation.
S6E5. Students will investigate the scientific view of how the earth’s surface is formed.
c. Classify rocks by their process of formation.
Enduring Understanding: Rocks are grouped based on how they formed and their mineral composition.

2. Directions Read over the note taking organizer. Read each slide.
Next fill in the blanks with the underlined words. Some slides are just used for information purposes.

3. Intro to Sedimentary Rocks
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Produced from weathering products of pre-existing rocks or accumulated biological matter
Detrital (clastic) rocks produced from rock fragments
Chemical rocks produced by precipitation of dissolved ions in water
Organic rocks produced by accumulation of biological debris, such as in swamps or bogs
Sedimentary rock types and sedimentary structures within the rocks give clues to past environments
Fossils in sedimentary rocks give clues to the history of life
Important resources (coal, oil) are found in sedimentary rocks

4. 4. 3 Notes: Sedimentary Rocks
Start
Sedimentary rocks are layers of sediment cemented together. The sedimentary process begins with igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks weathered which is the breaking down of rocks followed by erosion the movement from the Earth's surface by natural processes such as wind or water flow, through the act of transportation. The transfer of sediments (soil particles) from one place to another followed by deposition the layering after layering of the sediment. Then Compaction occurs after the sediments have been deposited. Cementation the final process acts as glue or cement to bind the sediments together forming sedimentary rocks.

5. From Sediment to Sedimentary Rock
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Transportation
Movement of sediment away from its source, typically by water, wind, or ice
Rounding of particles occurs due to abrasion during transport
Sorting occurs as sediment is separated according to grain size by transport agents, especially running water
Sediment size decreases with increased transport distance

6. Origin (Formed where) Comprise 75% of the Earth’s surface
Formed when sediments become compacted and cemented together
Usually has layers called strata
The highest layer has the least pressure.
The lowest layer has the most pressure.

7. Compaction What does compaction mean?
Layer upon layer of sediment builds up and the pressure from the upper layers pushes down on the lower layers.
Only SMALL sediments will stick together to form rock
The highest layer has the least pressure.
The lowest layer has the most pressure.

8. Cementation What does it mean? (Process)
Water soaks through soil and rock. The water dissolves minerals in soil and rock.
The solution of minerals and water moves between the sediments.
The sediments stick together when the minerals crystallize.
Common with LARGE sediments

9. Classification (Grouping)
Sedimentary rocks are classified in 3 ways… (By the way they are formed)
1. Detrital Clastic Sedimentary Rocks
2. Chemical Sedimentary Rocks
3. Organic Sedimentary Rocks
It’s by the way they are formed!!!

10. 1. Clastic Sedimentary Rock
Made from broken fragments of other rocks.
EX: Conglomerate = large/round fragments
EX: Breccia = large/sharp fragments
Breccia Conglomerate

11. Clastic Rock Facts
Clastic – made of fragments of rock cemented together with calcite or quartz
Breccia is a term most often used for clastic sedimentary rocks that are composed of large angular fragments (over two millimeters in diameter).
The spaces between the large angular fragments can be filled with a matrix of smaller particles or a mineral cement that binds the rock together.

12. 2. Chemical Sedimentary Rock
Formed from minerals crystallizing out of a solution
The solution is made of minerals and water.
Halite (Rock Salt)

13. Chemical Rock Facts
Chemical sedimentary – minerals crystallize out of solution to become rock
Limestone is a sedimentary rock composed primarily of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in the form of the mineral calcite. It most commonly forms in clear, warm, shallow marine waters.
It is usually an organic sedimentary rock that forms from the accumulation of shell, coral, algal and fecal debris.

14. 3. Organic Sedimentary Rock
Rocks formed from once-living (organic) things.
Ocean animals called coral create huge deposits of limestone. As they die, their skeletons collect on the ocean floor.
EX: Organic Limestone

15. Organic Rock Facts Organic sedimentary – remains of plants and animals
Coal is an organic sedimentary rock that forms from the accumulation and preservation of plant materials, usually in a swamp environment. 
Coal is a combustible rock and along with oil and natural gas it is one of the three most important fossil fuels. 

16. Stratification
The process in which sedimentary rocks are arranged in layers.

17. Separating each strata are bedding planes.
Bedding Planes are flat surfaces along which the rock tends to break.
Caused by changes in grain size.
May also occur after pauses in deposition.

18. the bottom of your paper
Summary located on
the bottom of your paper