1. AP Psychology Review: Day 1

2. Unit 1: History What is psychology? A Brief History Important issues
Some Important Psychologists and their theories

3. What is psychology? Study of the mind and behavior.
In other words: Everything

4. A Brief History:
Ancient: -Confucius -Part of Philosophy -Plato/Aristotle -Descartes -Non-Scientific
Modern: -Started with Wilhelm Wundt in Leipzig -Scientific Method -Research Based -Issues Based

5. Important Issues: What is “normal” Nature Versus Nurture
Clinical Issues
Ethical Issues
Cultural Issues

6. Edward Titchener: Structuralism
Study of the conscious experience and its structure
Studied using experiments and introspection

7. Max Wertheimer: Gestalt
Describes the organization of the mental representation
“The whole is greater than its parts”
Observation of Sensory and perceptual phenomenon

8. Sigmund Freud: Psychoanalysis
Explain personality and behavior
Develop techniques to treat mental disorders
“Unconscious Mind”
Case Studies

9. William James: Functionalism
How the mind allows organisms to adapt to their environment
Not to be confused with evolutionary psych
Naturalistic Observations

10. John B. Watson: Behaviorism
Study of observable behaviors and explaining how behavior is learned
Observation of relationships between behavior and stimulus
Experimentation

11. Unit 2: Research The scientific method Types of research Variables
Sampling and Bias

12. The Scientific Method
An approach to studying scientific phenomenon in a logical and repetitive fashion.
If repeatable it is Reliable.

13. Types of Research: Experiment
A researcher will manipulate certain variables while keeping other variables the same.
The researcher then compares the results of the manipulation of that variable.

14. Types of Research: Case Study
When a researcher observes, questions, and works with a singular patient or a small group.
Usually used for incredible rare cases.

15. Types of Research: Naturalistic Observation
When a researcher observes a person or group’s behavior while the subject is not aware
By observing these behaviors, psychologists can create theories.

16. Types of Research: Correlational Study
When a researcher collects statistical data to attempt see if there is a correlation between 2 variables
CORRELATION DOES NOT IMPLY CAUSATION!!!!!!

17. Types of Research: Surveys
A well designed survey can ask people questions in an attempt to collect data about a subject
This data can be used to examine psychological theories and ideas

18. Variables:
Anything that can be changed or “varied” in an experiment is called a variable.
Independent Variable
Dependent Variable
Confounding Variable
Random Variable
Experimenter Bias

19. Sampling and Bias: Representative Sampling Random Sampling
Biased Sampling
Double Blind Procedure

20. Unit 2: Statistics Mean, Median, Mode, Range Standard Deviation
Correlational Coefficients

21. Mean, Median, Mode, Range:
These are all representative statistics
They are also measures of central tendency
Mean
Median
Mode
Range

22. Standard Deviation and SKEW:
A measure of central tendency that measures the average difference between each score and the mean of the data set
Skew refers to a situation when the data favors one direction or another.

23. Correlational Coefficients:
A statistic, r, that represents the relationship between one variable and another
There can be a positive or a negative correlation
These can be weak, strong, or non-existent
CORRELATION DOES NOT IMPLY CAUSATION!!!!