1. BIOLOGY Unit 2 Notes: Plants, Animals & The Endosymbiotic Theory

2. (1) Plant vs Animal Cells
Both plants and animals are made of cells.
Because they complete different life processes + live in different environments, they require different things.
Plants and Animals have unique, individual structures, to help them stay living and healthy.
These “structures” are called ORGANELLES.

3. (2) Only Plant Cells Have…
Enlarged Vacuole:
Stores extra water for photosynthesis.
Helps increase rigidity of plant structure.
Chloroplasts:
Converts sunlight + CO2 + water into sugars and O2.
Cell Wall:
Extra barrier around the whole cell.

6. (3) Only Animal Cells Have…
Peroxisomes:
Used to break down Hydrogen Peroxide using catalase.
Hydrogen Peroxide is a by-product of lipid metabolism in animals.

9. (4) Both Plants & Animals Have…
Cell Membrane
Nucleus
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Body
Lysosomes
Ribosomes

11. (5) The Endosymbiotic Theory
States: Modern eukaryotic cells evolved from free-living prokaryotic cells living symbiotically with larger unicellular organisms.
Evidence: Mitochondria & Chloroplasts have…
DNA
Cell Membranes
Ability to Reproduce
Ability to Produce Proteins