1. A History of Games

2. But First! Supervision today Reminder Time: 13.00-15.00
My Office, floor 4, House Svea
Reminder
Deadline for assignment #1 is on Tuesday
Instructions available on the course web site

3. Today’s lecture History of Games Intended takeaways 116 Slides…
Before Computer Games
History of Computer Games
Computer Games today & tomorrow
Famous Game Designers
Intended takeaways
Overviews of types of games & the game industry
Gameplay mechanics
History of game mechanics
Views of design from professional designers
116 Slides…

4. Playing is older than games
Playing done in many animal species
Training
Passing knowledge
Determining social rang
First way to negate
Possible between species
Communication non-verbal

5. First Games? - First suspect: Sport
Ritualized forms of other activities
Running
Wrestling
Archery
Gameplay features
Produce a measure of physical skill by competition against other person

6. First Games? - Second suspect: Divination
Randomizers
Objects used for divination
Evidence
Staves found in Tutankhamen’s tomb (~1323 BC) together with gameboard
Similar staves found in the royal tombs at Ur together with another gameboard
Mentioned in the Rig Veda (~1500 BC)
Gameplay features
Produce a random outcome within well-defined limits and clear states
Source:
Parlett, David, The Oxford History of Board Games, Oxford University Press, 1999

7. First Organized Games Funerals Religious festivals
Gladiators
Religious festivals
Olympic Games, 776 BC
Judges
Truces between countries,
Participants status as religious pilgrims
Gladiator Games
Celebrate battles at funeral
Changed when Julius Caesar organized one in honor of his dead daughter

8. Dice Games Inventors Predecessors Gameplay features
Lydians of Asia according to Herodotus
Predecessors
Binary Lots
Astragals
Depicted ~800 BC
Gameplay features
Provide variety of ranges for randomizers and tie results to abstract measures – numbers
Meta game – betting on outcome (but equally possible from sports)
Will of the gods - not taxed!

9. Board Games Origins Gameplay features
traced to keeping track of player’s scores in dice games
Gameplay features
Introduced game token to maintain game state
Linked series of actions to randomized values to manipulate game state

10. Racing games Interpreting movement on board as physical movement
Ludo (from Pachisi, ~700 BC)
Backgammon (from Senet & Mehen, BC)
Gameplay features
Introduction of the concept of a game world
Introduction of several game tokens controlled by one player introduced choice
Capturing other tokens meant that effects of changing one part of the game state by have additional effects – abstract events

11. Perfect Information Games
Removal of randomness from board games
Chess (referred ~600 AD)
Go (from Wei-qi, 2000 BC)
Gameplay features
2D game world
Focus on mental skills
Actions defined by tokens
Context-dependent actions
Functionally different tokens
Possible to predict opponent
Additional goals based on space control, space filling, connection, and collection

12. Side note – Perfect Information Racing Games
No known examples of evolved variants
Design Variants
Bantu, 1955
Hare & Tortoise, 1974

13. Imperfect Information Games
Making part of the game state unknown to players
Stratego
Battleship
Blind Chess | Kriegspiel
Gameplay features
Hidden game state
Heterogeneous information availability
Need of umpire for gameplay to commerce

14. Skill Games
Board games where movement is determined by successful action or performance
Scrabble
Trivial Pursuit
Pictionary
“Normality Game”
Balderdash (Rappakalja)
Apples to Apples
Gameplay features
Introduction of variety of skills – social, artistic

15. Tabletop or Miniature Games
Origins in forms of kriegspiel
Similar to board games but use graphically depicted miniatures
Warhammer
Warhammer 40K
Gameplay features
Continuous game world
Players own game tokens they use
Requires players to do extra-game activities

16. Card Games Background intertwined with Dominoes & Mah-Jong tiles
Modern variants probably Persian origin
Brought to Europe by Arabs 13th century
Specialized decks quite late
Gameplay features
Game systems
Bipartisan
Random but fixed distribution
Define Game Space

17. Collectable Card Games
Combines card games with idol cards
Magic: the gathering
Illuminati: new world order
Gameplay features
Cards have self-contained rules within a rule framework
Physical rarity affects value of game token
Time-limited functionality of cards

18. Roleplaying Games Expansion from miniature games Gameplay features
Dungeons & Dragons, 1974
The Basic Roleplaying System
GURPS
Gameplay features
Unclear winning conditions
Unclear end conditions
campaigns
Game master
Unequal power structure
Open-ended rule set
Mediates the Game World
Character development
Roleplaying
Novel narrative structure – adventure modules
D&D 3rd edition introduced Open Gaming Licenseand id20 Trademark License
D&D 4th edition will include online support

19. Live-Action Roleplaying Games
Arose from roleplaying games, improvisational theatre and re-enactment societies
Earlier similar activities
re-enactments of battles between Osiris and Seth in ancient Egypt
‘carrousel’ games at European courts during the 17th and 18th centuries
psychoanalytic methods in the 1920s
Gameplay features
Players represent their characters
Players physically act out what they do in the game
Extra-game activities may take a majority of time spent

20. Novelty Games Gameplay features
Machines that provide gameplay or lets players test skills
Gameplay features
Coin-op
Machine controls game flow

21. Pinball Reaction to games being banned due to being used for gambling
Gameplay features
Flippers
Electro-mechanical game system

22. Computer Games

23. Spacewar! - 1962 Stephen "Slug" Russell, MIT
DEC PDP-1 assembler in 1962
Demonstrate the Type 30 Precision CRT Display
“It should demonstrate as many of the computer's resources as possible, and tax those resources to the limit;
Within a consistent framework, it should be interesting, which means every run should be different;
It should involve the onlooker in a pleasurable and active way -- in short, it should be a game.”

24. Tennis for Two - 1958 William Higinbotham Demonstrate system
Analog computer
Real-time game

25. A.S. Douglas - 1952 Part of Ph.D. thesis in Human-Computer Interaction
Tic-Tac-Toe
Play by dialing numbers
Computer opponent
Emulator

26. Ralph Baer - 1951 Asked to Build the best television set in the world.
Built in several prototypes between
Hand controller and light gun
Use of sensor
Magnavox signed an agreement in 1971 and the first video game system got released in May 1972: Odyssey

27. Computer Space – 1970 Back to Spacewar
Nolan Bushnell decided to commercialize Spacewar
Stand-alone machine

28. Nolan Bushell - 1972 Atari Pong
syzygy
Pong
Arcade version, 1972
TV-console, 1975
Difficulties getting bank loans due to association with pinball and mafia

29. Pong vs. Pong? In 1972, Magnavox sued Atari Settled out of court
Patents on electronic games & electronic ping-pong
Settled out of court
$700,000 paid-up license
Later, other companies had to pay royalties

30. Coin-eaters 1974 to 1975 1976 First controversy 57 games are released.
53 videogames by 15 companies
First controversy
Death Race 2000

31. Vector Graphics Space Wars, 1977 Speed Freak, 1977 Cinematronics
pong clone maker
Speed Freak, 1977

32. Coin shortage
Taito, known for pachinko games
Space Invaders, 1978

33. Improvements & Variants
Atari Football, Atari, 1978
Screen down
Asteroids, Atari, 1978
Initials and High Score
Galaxian, Namco, 1979
8-bit color
Stratovox, Taito, 1980
Speech sound

34. Platform Games Pac-Man, Namco, 1981 Donkey Kong, Nintendo, 1981
Moru Iwatani
Donkey Kong, Nintendo, 1981
Shigeru Miyamoto
Introduced Mario & Donkey Kong

35. Game Brains & Cartridges
Fairchild
Fairchild VES, 1976
Atari VCS
Simple Hardware
No screen buffer
Third Party Developers
Activision, 1979
Sued by Atari

36. Home Computers Commodore Sinclair Etc. etc. etc. Commodore PET, 1977
VIC 20, 1980
Commodore 64, 1982
Commodore Amiga, 1985
Amiga 500, 1987
Amiga 2000, 1987
Sinclair
ZX80, 1980
ZX81, 1981
ZX Spectrum, 1982
Etc. etc. etc.

37. Crash of Arcade Games Transition Cycles 6-8 years Atari Hubris
E.T. games buried?
Oversupply
50+ companies
Home Consoles
Lack of Faith
Video games fad
Exception exist
Paperboy, Atari, 1984
Gauntlet, 1985

38. Games today Following is facts from
The Entertainment Software Association (
and
Swedish Game Industry (
Next: video games

39. Who is the typical gamer?

40. Player statistics

41. Video Games
Next: computer games

42. Video Games – Top 20
Next: computer games sales

43. Computer Games
Next: online games

44. Computer Games, top 20
Next: who plays?

45. Sales per rating

48. Top 10 Industry Facts (from 2009) (according to the entertainment software association)
U.S. computer and video game software sales grew 22.9 percent in 2008 to $11.7 billion – more than quadrupling industry software sales since (triple in 2008)
68% of American households play computer or video games. (65% in 2008)
The average game player is 35 years old and has been playing games for 12 years. (no change)
The average age of the most frequent game purchaser is 39 years old. (40 in 2008)
40% of all game players are women. In fact, women over the age of 18 represent a significantly greater portion of the game-playing population (34 ) than boys age 17 or younger (18%) (33% in 2008).
In 2009, 25% of Americans over the age of 50 played video games, an increase from 9% in (26% in 2008 but still 9%!)
37% of heads of households play games on a wireless device, such as a cell phone or PDA, up from 20% in (36% in 2008 but still 20%)
85% of all games sold in 2007 were rated "E" for Everyone, "T" for Teen, or "E10+" for Everyone 10+. (84% in 2008)
92% of game players under the age of 18 report that their parents are present when they purchase or rent games. (92% in 2008)
63% of parents believe games are a positive part of their children’s lives. (no change)

49. Contemporary computer and video game genres

50. Platform Games Zelda Series Mario Series Both examples of franchises
Usually given as examples of good learnability
Navigation essential gameplay part

51. Strategy Sprung from board games Civilization, 1990 Victoria, 2003
Traditional Strategy
Civilization, 1990
Civilization IV, 2006
Victoria, 2003
Real-time Strategy
Dune 2, 1992
Age of Empires, 1997
Resource management essential gameplay part

52. First-Person Shooters
First person perspective in 3D environments
id Software
Wolfenstein 3D, 1992
Doom, 1993
Quake, 1996
Themes sprung from role-playing games…
Valve Software
Half-Life,1998 (+ Counter-Strike)
Bungie
Halo, 2001
Often most criticized
Graphical violence (Columbine)
Navigation and shooting essential gameplay part

53. FPS online FPS usually support deathmatch modes
Examples of games dedicated to online play
Team Fortress Classic, 1999
Counter-Strike, 1999
Battlefield 1942, 2002
Gameplay as for FPS, plus team work and sometimes specialized roles

54. Massively Multiplayer Online Games
Typically based upon role-playing games
Ultima Online, Origin Systems, 1997
Everquest, Sony, 2000
Puzzle Pirates, Three Rings, 2001
Sims Online, Maxis, 2003
World of Warcraft, Blizzard Entertainment, 2004
Gameplay typical team work and character development but extra-game aspects as socializing also important

55. Sport Games Annual version Tightly tied to real-world statistics
FIFA 200X, Electronic Arts, 200X-1
Madden NFL 200X, EA Sports, 200X-1
Tiger Woods PGA Tour, 200X-1
Tightly tied to real-world statistics
Volunteers collect
Knowledge of real world domain important aspect of game

56. Racing Grand Theft Auto 3, Rockstar Games, 2001
Midtown Madness 3, Digital Illusions, 2003
Navigation essential gameplay part

57. Handheld Games Platforms Game’n’Watch, 1980 Gameboy, 1989
Gameboy Advance, 2001?
N-Gage, 2003
Gameboy DS, 2005
PSP, 2005

58. Pervasive Games

59. Famous Game Designers

60. Recommended Reading The course book!
Costikyan, G. I have no words and I must Design, Interactive Fantasy magazine, 1994.
Crawford, C. The Art of Computer Game Design, 1992.
Crawford, C. The Art of Interactive Design, 2002.
Crawford, C. Chris Crawford on Game Design, 2003.
Dear, William C. The Dungeon Master: The Disappearance of James Dallas Egbert III, 1984.
Demaria, R. & Wilson, J. L. High Score! The Illustrated History of Electronic Games, 2002.
King, B. & Borland, J. Dungeons and Dreamers: The Rise of Computer Game Culture from Geek to Chic, 2003.
Koster, R. A theory of fun, 2004.
Kushner, D. Masters of Doom: How Two Guys Created an Empire and Transformed Pop Culture, Random House, 2004.
LeBlanc M. Online presentations of Mechanics, Dynamics, Aesthetics model
Schuessler, N. & Jackson, S. Game Design – Volume 1: Theory and Practice, 2005 (1981)
Valve. Half-Life2: Raising the Bar, 2004.

61. Famous Game Designers

62. What game designer have you heard about?

63. What backgrounds do game designer have?

64. Will Wright Maxis, Inc. Raid on Bungling Bay, 1984 SimCity, 1989
SimAnt, 1991
The Sims, 2000
The Sims Online, 2002
SimCity 4, 2003
The Sims 2, 2004

65. Will Wright on Design Making dynamic models
“put the player in the design role”
“large solution space” -> “much stronger feeling of empathy”
Creates “interactive toys”

66. Shigeru Miyamoto Donkey Kong, 1981 Super Mario Bros., 1985
The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time, 1998
The Legend of Zelda: Majora's Mask, 2000
Pikmin, 2001
Super Mario Sunshine, 2002

67. Shigeru Miyamoto on Design
"A delayed game is eventually good, a bad game is bad forever“
Inspiration from childhood memories
Exploring wilderness and caves (Zelda)
Attacked by dog on chain (Chain Chomp)

68. Sid Meier Solo Fight, 1984 Sid Meier’s Pirates!, 1987
Railroad Tycoon, 1990
Civilization, 1991
Colonization, 1994
Sid Meier’s Gettyburg!, 1997
Sid Meier’s Alpha Centauri, 1999
Civilization IV, 2005

69. Sid Meier on Design
“be able to play the game and understand it as quickly as possible”
“If a player feels there is something they would like to do that the game is not letting them do then that is a failure of the game”
“a series of interesting choices”
most acclaimed games were inspired by board games designed by Francis Tresham vf
1829 (Railroad Tycoon)
Civilization (Civilization)
Spanish Main (Pirates!) maybe
“one more turn”

70. Chris Crawford Eastern Front (1941), 1981 Balance of Power, 1985
Balance of the Planet, 1990
Storytron (Erasmatron), ?
Suggested Reading
Crawford, C. The Art of Computer Game Design, 1992.
Crawford, C. The Art of Interactive Design, 2002.
Crawford, C. Chris Crawford on Game Design, 2003.

71. Chris Crawford on Design
“It’s easier to learn from turkeys than from masterworks”
“Accept full moral responsibility for the games you design”
“Always delete clever ideas that don’t add to the design”
“The logic of the game dominates; pick a topic to fit it”
“Lose the storyboards”
“Conceptualize your design in terms of its challenge, not its topic”
“Keep the player on the razor edge of failure, but don’t let him fall”
“Those who would build the future must understand the past”

72. Peter Molyneux Populous, 1989 Powermonger, 1990 Theme Park, 1994
Magic Carpet, 1994
Syndicate, 1993
Dungeon Keeper, 1997
Black & White, 2001
Fable, 2004
The Movies, 2005
Black & White 2, 2005

73. Peter Molyneux on Design
“interfaces are paramount”
“designing a game in not thinking up a storyline but about what the player does and sees while playing your idea.”
“Next time we will do it right”
“There’s no democracy in game design, just inspiration”
“Idea has to come from one person”
“Focus on elements that cannot be seen elsewhere”
“Make it like [game X] but better does not work”
“writing design documents is stupid”
But Fable II’s design document weighs in at 1,000 pages

74. Gary Gygax Dungeons & Dragons, 1974 Advanced Dungeons & Dragons, 1977
Mythus, 1992
Lejandary Adventures, 1999
Suggested Reading
Dear, William C. The Dungeon Master: The Disappearance of James Dallas Egbert III

75. Gary Gygax on Design On Games On Dungeons & Dragons
“interesting diversion from everyday life”
“chance to excel”
“… and if you're playing in good company you don't even mind if you lose because you had the enjoyment of the company during the course of the game”
On Dungeons & Dragons
Variation on medieval small battles because the guys got tired playing the original
“Even when you're playing miniatures, there's still some role-playing aspect”

76. Hideo Kojima Metal Gear,1987 Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake, 1990
Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty, 2001
Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater, 2004
Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots, 2008
Among others...

77. Warren Robinett Adventure, 1978 First Easter Egg
Part was spun-off as superman game…
First Easter Egg

78. Roberta Williams King’s Quest I, 1984 King’s Quest II, 1985
King’s Quest: Mask of Eternity, 1998

79. Janet Jensen Gabriel Knight Series Sins of the Fathers, 1993
The Beast Within, 1999
Blood of the Sacred, Blood of the Damned, 1999

80. Steve Jackson Ogre, 1977 Car Wars, 1981 Illuminati, 1983 Toon, 1984
GURPS, 1986
Illuminati: New World Order, 1997
Suggested Reading
Schuessler, N. & Jackson, S. Game Design – Volume 1: Theory and Practice, 2005 (1981)

81. Steve Jackson on Design
“the more factors are explicit […] the less playable [the game] will become”
“Don’t just proofread – PLAY”
“There is no excuse for failure to playtest a design thoroughly before putting it on the market; it indicates either gross ignorance, total egotism, or an absolute lack of interest in giving the gamer his money’s worth.”
After playtesting, do blindtest, “new playtesters are exposed to the game without the benefit of advice from the designer or other experienced players.”
After blindtesting, do proof playtesting, “an extra stage of blindtesting and another round of designer playtesting … using only “proof copies” of the finished rules, maps, and charts.”

82. Richard Garriott
Ultima I: The First Age of Darkness, 1981
Ultima II: The Revenge of the Enchantress, 1982
Ultima IV: Quest of the Avatar, 1985
Autoduel, 1985
Ogre, 1986
Ultima VIII: Pagan, 1994
Ultima Online, 1997
City of Heroes, 2004
City of Villians, 2005
Tabula Rasa, 2007
Suggested Reading
King, B. & Borland, J. Dungeons and Dreamers: The Rise of Computer Game Culture from Geek to Chic

83. Raph Koster LegendMUD Ultima Online, 1997 Star Wars Galaxies, 2003
EverQuest II, 2004
Suggested Reading
Koster, R. A Theory of Fun for Game Design, 2004.

84. Raph Koster on Design Fun is "the act of mastering a problem mentally”
Games are teaching patterns
Create a flow experience
About UO
“players don't care about what you wanted there, about what the dreams were - they only care about what they have in front of them, and then they proceed to do things you never imagined”
About SWG
“launched too early from a game design point of view”
“most systems in there were first-pass at best”
“A large chunk of the blame lies with me, for being over-ambitious with the design”

85. Greg Costikyan Toon, 1984 Paranoia, 1984
Star Wars: The roleplaying game, 1987
Paranoia XP, 2004
Suggested Reading
Costikyan, G. I have no words and I must Design, Interactive Fantasy magazine, 1994.

86. Grey Costikyan on Design
“Games GROW through innovation. Innovation creates new game styles […] but it’s over now.”
“Achieving a goal is meaningless if it comes without work, if there is no opposition”
“Whenever multiple players are involved, games are strengthened if they permit, and encourage, diplomacy”
“How can you tell a good game from a bad one? The test is still in the playing”

87. Ken Rolston Paranoia, 1984 The Lost Island of Castanamir (D&D), 1984
River of Cradles (Runequest), 1992
Paranoia, 5th ed., 1995
Something Rotten in Kislev (WFRP), 1999
Elder Scrolls III: Morrowind, 2002
Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion, 2006
About retiring
“… and play stupid paper-and-pencil RPGs”
joined Big Huge Games to do a new RPG

88. John Carmack Commander Keen, 1990 Wolfenstein 3D, 1992 Doom, 1993
Quake, 1996
Doom 3, 2005
Suggested Reading
Kushner, D. Masters of Doom: How Two Guys Created an Empire and Transformed Pop Culture, Random House

89. John Romero Scout Search, 1984 Commander Keen, 1990
Wolfenstein 3D, 1992
Doom, 1993
Heretic, 1994
HeXen, 1995
Quake, 1996
Daikatana, 2000
Hyperspace Delivery Boy, 2001
Area 51, 2005
Gauntlet: Seven Sorrows, 2005

90. John Romero on Design
“We developed our games in a pretty non-disciplined and non-organized way because so much of it was R&D”

91. Warren Spector Toon, 1984 Car Wars, Ogre, Illuminati
AD&D, DM’s guide, 2nd ed., 1989
GURPs, 3rd ed. 1992
Send in the Clones (Paranoia), 1985
Underword: The Stygian Abuss, 1991
Ultima VII, Part 2, Serpent Isle, 1993
System Shock, 1994
Thief: The Dark Project, 1999
Deus Ex, 2000

92. Warren Spector on Design
“Learn to program” and “get as broad-based an education as you can”
“Become an effective communicator”
“Make games”
“giving players power to make choices enhanced the gameplay experience”
“attaching consequences to those choices made the experience even more powerful”
Gargoyle episode
Sequals & Adaptations: Get used to it!
Safe bets
Free marketing
Fan buy-in
“cool sandboxes to play in”

93. Sandy Petersen Call of Cthulhu, 1981 Runequest, 3rd ed., 1985
Ghostbusters: A Frightfully Cheerful Roleplaying Game, 1986
DOOM, 1993
Quake, 1996
Age of Empires: The Age of Kings, 1999
Call of Cthulhu, 2004
Worked on
Civilization
Sid Meier’s Pirates!

94. Sandy Petersen on Design
“Be familiar with all types of games, not just computer games”

95. Frederick Raynal Alone in the Dark, 1992 Little Big Adventure, 1995
Infogrames took over creative control
Added Cthulhu mythos
Little Big Adventure, 1995
Little Big Adventure 2, 1997

96. Gabe Newell & Mike Harrington
Half-Life, 1998
Half-Life 2, 2004
Suggested Reading
Valve. Half-Life2: Raising the Bar

97. Mihn Le & Jess Cliffe Counter-Strike, 1999
Counter-Strike: source, 2004

98. Jane McGonigal I Love Bees, 2004 Cruel 2 B Kind, 2006
World Without Oil, 2007
The Lost Ring, 2008
Superstruct, 2008
Top Secret Dance Off, 2008

99. Bill Roper Warcraft: Orcs and Humans Warcraft II: Tides of Darkness
Warcraft III: Reign of Chaos
Starcraft
Diablo
Diablo II

100. Bill Roper on Design
“You can’t get good at making games unless you make games”
“tear apart boardgames to prototype your ideas”
“most importantly, never stop playing”

101. Richard Garfield RoboRally, 1994 Magic: The Gathering, 1994
The Great Dalmuti, 1995

102. Marc LeBlanc Ultima Underworld II, 1993 System Shock, 1994 Thief, 1998
Suggested Reading
Online articles on Mechanics, Dynamics, Aesthetics

103. Marc LeBlanc on Design “Have a critical eye for games”
“Learn to program”
“Play lots of games”
“Design the game for [millions of people], not for you”

104. Dr. Ray Muzyka Baldur’s Gate, 1998 MDK2, 2000 Baldur’s Gate II, 2000
Neverwinter Nights, 2002
Star Wars: Knights of the Old Republic, 2003
Based upon the roleplaying game (d20 version)
Jade Empire, 2005
Neverwinter Nights, 2006

105. Dr. Ray Muzyka on Design “Be passionate, but self-critical”
“never compromise on quality, but do realize that there is a point of diminishing returns”

106. Bruce C. Shelley
Railroad Tycoon
Civilization
Age of Empires

107. Bruce C. Shelley on Design
“Play a lot of games and analyze them”
“Think in terms of entertaining a large audience, not a small one”
“it is okay, even encouraged, to borrow from great games, but be different at the vision level and innovative at the gameplay level”

108. Starr Long Ultima Online Bioforge Wing Commander: Privateer
Ultima Underworld 2

109. Starr Long on Design “play every game you possibly can”
“then analyze them carefully”
“finding inspiration from outside of games is extremely important”
“if you are not having fun making your game, then your customers will not have fun playing it”

110. Lorne Lanning Oddworld: Abe’s Oddysee Oddworld: Abe’s Exodus
Oddworld: Munch’s Oddysee

111. Lorne Lanning on Design
“The best ideas will not come from areas that have nothing to do with games”

112. Scott Miller on Design
“Learn from other games and designers, but do not copy them.”
“must invent something unique and compelling (one without the other in not enough)”

113. Josh Holmes
Def Jam Vendetta
NBA Street
NBA Live ’98, ’99, 2000

114. Josh Holmes on Design “Think of the consumer” “Fun first”
“whenever you have a choice between realism and fun, go with fun”
“Always strive for balance”
“Think Big”
“Remember Pacing”
“Play Bad Games”
“Look outside of games”

115. Ron Gilbert
Maniac Mansion, 1987
The Secret of Monkey Island, 1990

116. Swedish Game Designers
Dan Glimne
Drakborgen
Martin Walfisz
Ground Control
Andreas Roman
Midtown Madness 3
(Battlefield: Modern Combat)
Mikael Emtinger
GTR
Tom Söderlund
Botfighters
Erik Svedäng
Blueberry Garden

117. Thank you!

118. Leftovers James Ernest (see book page 76-77)
Don Daglow (see book page )
Rob Daviau (see book page )
Graeme Bayless (see book page )
Brian Hersch (see book page )
David Perry (see book page )
Richard Hilleman (see book page )
Matt Firor (see book page )
Troy Dunniway (see book page )
Stan Chow (see book page )
Chris Taylor (see book page 377)
Fumito Ueda (Ico, Shadow of the Colossus)
Keita Takahashi (Katamari Damacy, Nobi Nobi Boy)
Tetsuya Nomura (Kingdom Hearts, The World Ends With You, Final Fantasy XIII Versus)
Tetsuya Mizuguchi (Rez, Lumines, Meteos, Ninety Nine Nights)
Masaya Matsuura (Parappa the Rapper, UmJammer Lammy, Vib-Ribbon)