1. Genetics I. Introduction A. History
1. C. Darwin & A. Wallace  Blending
2. G. Mendel & F. Unger  Mixing
3. W. Sutton  Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance
4. T. Morgan  Genes & Chromosomes plus linkage groups
5. A. Sturtevant  Genetic Mapping
6. F. Griffith  Hereditary molecule
7. A. Jeffreys  DNA finger printing
 human DNA sequenced

2. II. Mendelian Genetics A. Experimental Design
1. Monohybrid Cross (One trait at a time)
a. Definition
b. Terms
i. Self vs. Cross Fertilization
ii. Traits vs. Characteristics
Figure 8.2D

3. c. Process (The steps of Mendel)
Figure 8.2C
Figure 8.3A

4. d. Principle  “Law of Segregation” (putting traits into gametes)
Figure 8.4
Figure 8.3B
d. Principle  “Law of Segregation” (putting traits into gametes)

5. e. Terms i. Gene versus Allele ii. Homozygous versus Heterozygous
iii. Dominant versus Recessive
iv. Genotype versus Phenotype

6. f. Testcross (Mendel checking his work.)
Figure 8.6

7. 2. Dihybrid Cross (Following two traits at a time)
a. Definition
i. Start by figuring out the parents genotypes
b. Process
ii. Then how many and type of gametes
Figure 8.5A

8. c. Principle  “Law of Independent Assortment”
Practice
Dihybrid Heterozygous cross =
Dihybrid Heterozygous cross Homozygous Dominant =
c. Principle  “Law of Independent Assortment”

9. III. Variation on Mendel
A. Dominance
1. Complete (one trait shows)
2. Co-dominance (both traits show equally in different groups of cells) AA aa Aa

10. 3. Incomplete Dominance (Blending of two traits into a new expression)
Figure 8.11A

11. B. Gene Interactions
1. Multiple Alleles (Expression needs more than one)
2. Pleitrophy (Expression causes multiple effects in the phenotype)
Figure 8.13B
Figure 8.12
3. Penetrance (How fully does the gene show in the phenotype?)

12. C. Beyond Mendel 1. Epistasis (One gene interferes with another)
2. Polygenic (across a population expression)
Figure 8.14

13. IV. Classical Genetics A. History
1. R. Punnet & W. Bateson  1908 (A math model of odds of expression)
Figure 8.7

14. 2. T. Morgan  Genes & Chromosomes, Karyotyping, plus linkage groups
a. Drosophila melanogaster
WHY?
Figure 8.18C

15. b. Genetic Recombination
Figure 8.18C

17. c. Genetic Linkage
Figure 8.18C
Figure 8.18A

18. 3. A. Sturtevant a. Genetic Mapping
Based on frequency of expression of traits showing together
Figure 8.19A
Figure 8.19B

19. B. Sex Linkage 1. Sex Linked Inheritance Figure 8.20A
Figure 8.20 B - E
Figure 8.21B  D

20. 2. Barr Bodies (one X chromosome is silenced in the phenotype))
Figure 11.2B

21. V. Detection of Problems
A. Techniques
1. Karyotyping
When?
2. Amniocentesis  Cellular and Chemical Analysis
Figure 8.10A

22. 3. Ultrasound
Figure 9.10B

23. 4. Chorionic Villi Sampling  Cellular and Chemical Analysis
Figure 8.10A

24. 5. Fetal Tissue Sampling

25. 6. Pedigree Analysis
Figure 8.8A & B