1. Management of Muscle-Invasive Urothelial Cancer and the Emerging Role of Immunotherapy in Advanced Urothelial Cancer 
Karthik V. Giridhar, MD, Manish Kohli, MD 
Mayo Clinic Proceedings 
Volume 92, Issue 10, Pages (October 2017)
DOI: /j.mayocp
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2. Figure 1
Muscle-invasive bladder cancer subtypes with integrated analysis linking both histologic origins, commonly observed molecular abnormalities, and clinicopathologic phenotypes. Generalized comparisons across each urothelial subtype from Lund University (Lund),11 the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA),8 MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDA),10 and the University of North Carolina (UNC)9 studies are represented. Selected common molecular and clinicopathologic features generally associated with each subtype are also presented. EMT = epithelial to mesenchymal; GU = genomically unstable; SCC = squamous cell carcinoma; UroB = urobasal B; for expansion of gene symbols, see
Mayo Clinic Proceedings  , DOI: ( /j.mayocp )
Copyright © 2017 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Terms and Conditions

3. Figure 2
Suggested algorithm for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. * Indicates specific systemic treatment regimens supported by level 1 evidence. aAccelerated FDA approval; bUnder FDA priority review. dd = dose-dense; ECOG = Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (performance score); 5-FU = 5-fluorouracil; MVAC = methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin; NYHA = New York Heart Association; post-op = postoperative; TURBT = transurethral resection of bladder tumor; UC = urethelial carcinoma.
Mayo Clinic Proceedings  , DOI: ( /j.mayocp )
Copyright © 2017 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Terms and Conditions