1. BLOOD

2. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
Hematology
Hemat- = blood
-ology = the study of
The average adult has
8 – 10 pints.
2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

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Blood
One drop of blood contains:
5 million RBCs
250, ,000 platelets
7,500 WBCs
Red blood cells live 120 days.
Make new blood cells at the rate of 2 million per second!
2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

4. Function
Blood is the transporting fluid of the body. Carries nutrients from digestive tract Oxygen from the lungs Waste products from the cells Hormones from secreting to cells

5. Structures of the blood
Plasma
Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Thrombocytes
2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

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Plasma
Straw-colored liquid
55% of the blood’s volume
Water
Plasma proteins
Nutrients
Electrolytes
Hormones, vitamins, and enzymes
Waste products
Plasma
Cellular elements
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Plasma proteins
Fibrinogen
Albumin
Globulin
Gamma globulin
Prothrombin
Plasma
Cellular elements
2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

8. Red Blood Cells
Erythrocytes: biconcave, disc shaped cells. Look like a doughnut when viewed from above.
Hemoglobin: red pigment. Made up of protein molecule called globin and iron called heme.

9. Function of RBC’s
In the capillaries of the lungs, pick up oxygen. Chemically combines then with hemoglobin forming oxyhemoglobin. Then circulates to the capillaries of the tissues; then released into the tissues.
Carbon dioxide that is formed in cells is picked up by plasma as bicarbonate and taken back to the lungs.

10. Arteries carry blood away from the heart
Veins carry blood toward the heart.
In arteries (except pulmonary arteries) blood carries oxyhemoglobin.
In veins (except pulmonary veins) blood contains carbaminohemoglobin

11. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
Leukocytes
Larger than erythrocytes
Five types
Leuk/o/cytes –
white cells
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Leukocytes
Agranulocytes
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
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Leukocytes
Granulocytes
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
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Thrombocytes
Smallest of solid components of blood
Synthesized in red marrow
Not cells, composed of fragments of megakaryocytes
Necessary for the initiation of the blood clotting process
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Life span
of blood cells...
2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

16. Blood types Inherited from parents
What are the types of blood?
Inherited from parents
Determined by presence or absence of an antigen on the surface of the red blood cell
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17. Check your knowledge of medical history...
In 1901, the Austrian immunologist Karl Landsteiner discovered that blood may be grouped into four main types.
Based on the reaction that resulted when blood from different individuals were mixed.
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Blood types
Someone with type A antigen has B antibodies
Someone with type B antigen has A antibodies
Someone with type AB antigen has no antibodies
Someone with type O antigen has A and B antibodies
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Rh factor
Rhesus (Rh) factor is an inherited trait that refers to a specific protein found on the surface of red blood cells (antigen).
Blood used in transfusions must match donors for Rh status as well as for ABO blood type.
Although Rh factor doesn't affect the patient’s health, it can affect pregnancy.
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Rh factor
In 1940, the Rh factor was discovered as a result of studying Rhesus monkeys.
When blood from monkeys was injected into rabbits and guinea pigs, it clotted.
2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

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Rh factor
If the blood has the protein, the patient is Rh positive.
If the blood lacks the protein, the patient is Rh negative.
Did you know???
2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system