1. Part II: The Final Stages and Outcomes
THE CIVIL WAR
Part II: The Final Stages and Outcomes

2. The Road to Gettysburg:
Spring - Summer 1863

3. Battle of Gettysburg (July 1-3, 1863)
Largest battle ever fought on American soil (160,000+ troops)
Culminates with “Pickett’s Charge” on last day
Lee is defeated, forced to retreat back to Virginia
“High Water Mark of the Confederacy”

4. Gettysburg Address (November 19, 1863)
Lincoln’s dedication speech at Gettysburg National Cemetery
Re-dedicates war effort:
Abolition of slavery
Memory of those who have died
Restore the founding principles

5. The War in the West, 1863:
Vicksburg

6. Civil Liberties and War
Motive: ‘Saving the Union’
Great crisis = Constitutional wiggle-room
Congress generally accepted Lincoln’s actions
Actions done without congressional approval:
Ordered blockade
Increased size of army / navy
Suspension of Habeas Corpus (MD)
Jefferson Davis did not enjoy the same powers as Lincoln did

7. The Election of 1864 Major issues:
Progress of the War, Lincoln’s “abuse of power”
Democrats choose George B. McClellan
Major factor: Victories at Mobile Bay and Atlanta
Second Inaugural Speech: “ with malice toward none, with charity for all.”

8. Sherman’s “Total War” in the South
“War is hell…” -Gen. William T. Sherman

9. The Final Virginia Campaign: 1864-1865

10. Appomattox Court House, VA April 9, 1865

11. “The Last Salute of the Army of Northern Virginia”, Appomattox, VA, April 9, 1865

12. Final Actions of the Civil War
April 26, 1865: Gen. Johnston surrenders Army of the Tennessee.
May 10, 1865: Pres. Davis captured near Irwinville, GA.
May 12, 1865: Last battle fought at Palmito Ranch, TX.
May 26, 1865: Gen. Edmond Kirby Smith surrenders Army of Trans-Mississippi; Civil War ends.

13. The Progress of War:

14. Lincoln’s Assassination
John Wilkes Booth
Southern Sympathizer
April 14, 1865
Ford’s Theatre, Washington D.C

15. Extensive Legislation Passed Without the South in Congress
1862 – Homestead Act
1862 – Legal Tender Act
1862 – Morrill Land Grant Act
1862 – Emancipation Proclamation
1863 – Pacific Railway Act
1863 – National Bank Act
1865 – 13th Amendment

16. Casualties on Both Sides

17. Civil War Casualties in Comparison to Other Wars

18. Results of the War
620,000 soldiers dead – 2% of total population – 1 million total casualties.
Slavery abolished (13th Amendment) – economic, social, political impact.
Total cost of the war – $15 billion – $1.5 trillion today.
Nullification & secession issues die with Confederacy.
Laid the foundation for the 2nd Industrial Revolution.
Monroe Doctrine more powerful; U.S. showed military strength.