1. Climate Change CH 19

2. Greenhouse Effect NOx CO2 CH4
Natural process involving greenhouse gases trap infrared radiation and emit this to Earth- causing a warming of the plant.
NOx
CO2
CH4
H20 Vapor- absorbs most of the Infrared radiation.
CFCs-man-made
* These gases are needed to keep the planet temp at 57 degrees F as opposed to 7 degrees F (without gases).

3. Greenhouse Gases Sources
NATURAL
Volcanic eruptions- mainly carbon dioxide
Methane – from decomposition- WETLANDS, TERMITES
Nox from denitrification
Water vapor
ANTHROPOGENIC
Burning of fossil fuels- Nox, CO2, CO
Agricultural practices- methane from livestock
Deforestation
Landfills- methane
Industrial production- CFC’s

4. Global warming- one aspect of climate change, the warming of the oceans, land masses and atmosphere of the Earth.
Increases in surface temperature alter the movement of winds and ocean currents- impacting distribution of heat

5. The Controversy of Climate Change
Most scientists agree that greenhouse gas concentrations are increasing and that this will lead to global warming
What is unclear is how much world temperatures will increase for a given change in greenhouse gases.

6. International Panel on Climate
2014 IPCC scientists concluded that: Most of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid 20th century has been the result of INCREASE concentrations of ANTHROPOGENIC greenhouse gases.

7. Consequences to the Environment Because of Global Warming
Melting of polar ice caps, Greenland and Antarctica
Melting of many glaciers around the world
Melting of permafrost- release of GG
Rising of sea levels due to the melting of glaciers/ ice sheets AND expansion of water in oceans as it warms
Heat waves and Cold spells
Change in precipitation patterns
Increase in storm intensity
Shift in ocean currents
Loss of biodiversity

8. The Kyoto Protocol 1997
1997 Kyoto, Japan discussion on controlling the emissions contributing to global warming.
Developing nations did not have emission limits imposed by the protocol. Note- China produces the most CO2
Expired in 2012
2015 COP21, also known as the 2015 Paris Climate Conference- replaced Kyoto

9. * HFCs are hydrofluorocarbons, PFCs are perfluorocarbons, and SF6 is sulfur hexafluoride.

10. Carbon Sequestration
An approach involving taking CO2 out of the atmosphere.
Some methods include storing carbon in agricultural soils or retiring agricultural land and allowing it to become pasture or forest.
Captured CO2 could be compressed and pumped into abandoned oil wells or the deep ocean???