1. Oral cavity
25%

2. Alveolar Process extensions of the bone from the body of the mandible and maxilla, which support the teeth.

3. Frenum
Frenum or frenulum is a narrow band of tissue that connects two structures.
Max. labial frenum, mand. Labial frenum, buccal frenum, lingual frenum

4. Hard Palate
Formed from two separate embryonic structures, Primary and secondary palate
Begins 5th week gestation
When fusing, the 2 come together and make a Y shaped pattern
Fusion 9th week-12th week.
Three stages 1. form the primary palate 2. form the secondary palate 3. fusion of the palate
Any disruption can result in cleft lip or palate

7. Hard palate
Separates the nasal cavity above from the oral cavity below
The oral mucosa of the hard palate is tightly bound to the hard palate which makes injection to this area very painful
Behind the Max. Incisors is the incisive papilla, a pear shaped piece of tissue that covers the incisive foramen- where injections for nasopalatine nerve anesthesia.
Rugae-Irregular ridges or folds of masticatory mucosa
Raphe- midline that runs posterior to the incisive papilla

9. Soft Palate Moveable posterior third of the palate No bony support
Hangs into the pharynx behind it
Ends with the uvula
Supported by 2 arches , Fauces
Anterior arch runs from the soft palate down to the lateral aspects of the tongue as anterior faucial pillar
Posterior arch- free posterior border of the soft palate- posterior faucial pillar
The opening between the 2 fauces is the Isthmus of fauces and contains the tonsils

11. Tongue Composed mainly of muscles
Top has thick layer of mucous membrane and thousands of papillae
Inside the papillae are sensory organs and nerves for taste and touch
Usually pinkish-white and velvety smooth
Functions- speaking, positioning food while you eat, tasting and tactile sensitivity, swallowing, cleasing the oral cavity
Anterior 3rd of the tongue is the body, root of the tongue is the posterior part that turns down towards the pharynx, Dorsum is where your papillae are

12. Sublingual is covered in smooth transparent mucosa that you can see vessels through
Submandibular ducts
Fimbriated folds

14. Landmarks
Facial Regions- Forehead, Temples, Orbital Area, External nose, Zygomatic area, Mouth and Lips, Cheeks, Chin, External Ear
Features of the face:
Outer/Inner Canthus- tissue fold at the outer/inner corner of the eyelids
Ala- wing like tip on the outer side of each nostril
Philtrum- rectangular area under the nose
Tragus- projection of the external ear
Nasion- midpoint between the eyes below the eyebrows
Glabella- smooth surface of the frontal bone
Root- bridge of the nose
Septum- tissue that divides the nasal cavity into two
Anterior Naris- Nostril
Mental protuberance- forms the chin
Angle of the mandible- lower posterior of the ramus
Zygomatic arch- creates the prominence of the cheek

16. Lips Aka labia Lips are outlined by vermillion border
Labial commissure- angles of the corner of the mouth
Nasolabial sulcus- the groove that connects the ala and commissure

17. Oral cavity Lined in mucous membrane tissue(moist)
Consist of 2 areas: 1. vestibule-space between the teeth and inner mucosal lining of the lips and cheeks, 2. oral cavity proper- space on tongue side within the max and mand arches
Mucobuccal fold- meeting of buccal/labial mucosa and alveolar mucosa
Color change line between the two is the mucogingival junction
Attached gingiva is a lighter color and has stippling
Fordyce spots/granules- normal small yellowish elevations on the buccal mucosa
Linea alba- white ridge of raised tissue that is at the level of where max and mand teeth meet

18. Mucobuccal fold
Mucogingival junction

19. Linea Alba
Fordyce spots

20. Gingiva Covers alveolar process Has a stippled appearance(orange rind)
Color varies on individual pigmentation
Unattached gingiva/marginal gingiva/free gingiva- the area that surrounds the teeth like a collar- 1st to respond to inflammation
Interdental gingiva/interdental papilla- fills in interproximal embrasures
Gingival groove/ free gingival groove- shallow groove that runs parallel to margin of unattached gingiva and starts the attached gingiva
Attached gingiva- extends from base of sulcus to mucogingival junction

21. Interdental papilla