1. Permanent Anterior Teeth - Incisors
Chapter 16

2. Central Incisor (Facial view)

5. Maxillary Incisors Location – anterior Teeth #s – 7, 8, 9, and 10
Eruption – 7-9 years 10 7 8 9

6. Maxillary Central Incisor
Location – most anterior tooth on maxilla
Teeth #s – 8 & 9
Eruption – 7-8 years
Shape - Shovel 8 9

7. Labial View Perikymata (imbrication lines)
Horizontal lines on the enamel surface of newly erupted teeth
Mamelons (tubercles or scallops)
Rounded scallops or tubercles near the incisal edge of newly erupted teeth
Woelfel and Scheid. Dental Anatomy. 6th ed. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2002, p. 92.

8. Labial View Developmental grooves Mesiolabial Distolabial
Brand and Isselhard. Anatomy of Orofacial Structures. 7th Ed. Mosby, 2003, p. 120.

9. Labial View
Incisal edge over root

10. Labial View Wide mesiodistally
Sharper mesioincisal line angle than distoincisal line angle
Distocervical part of crown elevates. D M

11. Labial and Lingual Height of Contour
HOC: Widest portion viewed from the proximal (mesial and distal) views
Cervical 1/3

12. Mesial and Distal View
CEJ more curved on mesial than distal

13. Lingual View Cingulum (4th growth center) swings to the distal
Shovel shaped
Distinct mesial marginal ridge and distal marginal ridge
Prominent lingual fossa
Mesial marginal ridge
Distal marginal ridge
Fossa

14. Root
Cone shape

15. Plaque Retention
Labial depressions
Near cervical line
Lingual fossa

16. Maxillary Lateral Incisor7

17. Maxillary Lateral Incisors
Location –Distal to central incisors, mesial to cuspid
Teeth #s – 7 & 10
Eruption – 8-9 years 10 7

18. Lateral Incisor Compared to Maxillary Central Incisor
Smaller
Rounder line angles
Similar in that the mesioincisal line angle is sharper than distoincisal line angle
Oblong
Labial depressions do not appear

19. Lingual View Distinct marginal ridges
Mesiomarginal ridge is longer and straighter than distomarginal ridge
Deep lingual fossa Distinct lingual pit
Cingulum prominent and centered

20. Mesial and Distal Views
Mesial CEJ is curved more than distal
CEJ dips closer to incisal on the mesial than the distal

21. Height of Contour
Labial and lingual height of contours in cervical 1/3

22. Root Anatomy Longer and thinner than central incisor
Apex curves distally (90% of the time)
Oval in cross-section

23. MANDIBULAR INCISORS

24. Mandibular Incisors Anterior teeth Teeth #s: 23, 24, 25, 26 26 26 23

25. Eruption of Mandibular Incisors
Central: 6 – 7 years
Lateral: 7 – 8 years
Roots complete: 9 – 10 years
Generally after 1st permanent molars

26. Occlusion Mandibular central occludes with maxillary central incisor
Lateral incisor occludes with maxillary central and
lateral incisor

27. Mandibular Central Incisor
Mamelons on newly erupted teeth
Cingulum is not as prominent as maxillary
Developmental grooves not prominent
Marginal ridges not distinct 25 24

28. Labial View of Mand. Central Incisor
Smallest tooth in the mouth
Symmetrical – difficult to tell left from right
Distoincisal angle slightly more round than mesioincisal angle 25 24

29. Mandibular Central Lingual View
Lingual surface narrower than labial surface
Relatively smooth – shallow lingual fossa
Small centered cingulum

30. Mesial View
Incisal edge lingual to root axis line, otherwise bilaterally symmetrical over the root
Mesial CEJ more curved than distal CEJ

31. Incisal View Incisal angles equal sharpness, approximately 90º
Broad (wider) labiolingually than mesiodistally
Labial surface flat and lingual surface convex due to cingulum
Cingulum centered
90º mesioincisal and
distoincisal angles

32. Height of Contour
Labial and lingual height of contour in cervical third

33. Contact Areas Mesial and distal contact areas in incisal 1/3
Distal contact area slightly more cervically located

34. Root Anatomy Mesial and distal root depressions, BOW shaped root
Crown centered over the root – apex may bend slightly to the distal

35. Plaque and Calculus Retention
May have plaque or calculus accumulation

36. MANDIBULAR LATERAL INCISORS

37. Location
Distal to central incisor and mesial to cuspid 26

38. Mandibular Lateral Incisor - Labial View
Not as symmetrical as central incisor
Larger than central incisor in same mouth
Distoincisal angle more rounded than mesioincisal angle
Distal surface convex
Crown tilts to distal – looks bent at cervix

39. Lingual View of Mandibular Lateral Incisor
Mesial marginal ridge
Mesiomarginal ridge is longer than distomarginal ridge
Shallow lingual fossa
Distal surface bulges from the incisal view
Distal marginal ridge

40. Incisal View Distolingual twist
Cingulum twisted (off-center) to the distal

41. Mesial View Incisal edge lingual to root axis line
CEJ is curved more on the mesial than the distal
Root depressions possible

42. Distal View
Root depression or concavity always present on the distal surface, known as a “KIDNEY SHAPE”

43. Height of Contour
Labial and lingual HOCs in cervical 1/3

44. Contact Areas Mesial and distal contact areas in incisal 1/3 Mesial

45. Root Anatomy Mesial and distal root depressions
Apex may curve slightly to the distal