1. Vietnam

2. Land area of Vietnam
Located at the extreme southeastern of the Indochinese peninsular
Country’s layout is a ‘S’ in shape
Occupies square kilometers of land area
Has a coastline of 3260 kilometers excluding islands
Boundary with Laos was ratified only in 1986
Border issues with Cambodia was resolved between

3. Geography
Made up of mainly tropical lowlands, hills, and densely forested highlands
Country is divided into the highlands and the Red River Delta in the north
Comprises of central mountains, coastal lowlands and Mekong river delta in the south
The central mountains is covered by rugged mountain peaks, extensive forest and rich soil
Accounts for 16% of country’s arable land and 22% of forested land
Annual rainfall ranges from 120mm-300mm
Temperature ranges from 5°C in December to 37°C in April

4. Early History
Vietnam's early history is nearly a continuous struggle for autonomy.
China ruled Vietnam directly for most of the period in 111 BC until 938.
In 111 BC, the Chinese troops invaded Nanyue and established new territories dividing Vietnam into Giao Chi (pinyin: Jiao Zhi) and Cuu Chan.

5. Early History
In 40 AD, a successful revolt against the Han Governor To Đinh (pinyin: Su Ding), led by the two noble women Trung Trac and her sister Trung Nhi, recaptured 65 states.
In 42 AD, Emperor Guangwu of Han sent his famous general Ma Yuan to suppress the revolt.
After a torturous campaign, Ma Yuan defeated the Trung Queen, who committed suicide.
To this day, the Trung Sisters are revered in Vietnam as the national symbol of Vietnamese women.

6. Early History
Learning a lesson from the Trung revolt, the Han and other successful Chinese dynasties took measures to eliminate the power of the Vietnamese nobles.
However, in 225 AD, another woman, Trieu Thi Trinh, popularly known as Lady Trieu (Bà Triệu), led another revolt which lasted until 248 AD.
During the Tang dynasty, Vietnam was called Annam, until early 10th century AD.

7. French Rule How did it all started:
French missionaries arrived in Vietnam
Vietnamese authorities concerned when missionaries recruit local people to Roman Catholicism.
French troops sent to Vietnam to protect Catholic community
Napoleon III sent 14 ships and 2,500 men to the Vietnam
Vietnam Emperor surrendered and signed a peace treaty with France

8. During French Rule: French Rule in Vietnam
Good supplies of coal, tin, zinc and rubber.
French built a network of roads, canals and railways.
Vietnamese administrators needed
French schools were built and in 1902, Hanoi University was opened

9. French Rule in Vietnam Surrender of French:
The French surrendered on May 7th 1954
French casualties totaled over 7,000 and a further 11,000 soldiers were taken prisoner
North Vietnam would be ruled by Ho Chi Minh
South Vietnam would be ruled by Ngo Dinh Diem, a strong opponent of communism;
Vietnamese could freely choose to live in the North or the South

10. French Influence Influence of French: Education system
Huge economic growth in plantation with the export of indigo, tea, coffee and tobacco.
Christianity and Western style education.

11. Indo-Chinese War Indochina: 1. Indochina/ French War: 1946-1954
2. Vietnam/ American War:
3. Sino- Vietnamese War: February- March 1979

12. First Indochina war:
Communist North- Vietnamese supported by – People’s Republic of China – Soviet Union
French supported by – French loyalist Vietnamese – United Nations
To gain independence from the French
French were defeated at the Battle of Dien Bien Phu

13. Second Indochina War: 1954-1975
South Vietnamese government backed by – USA
North Vietnamese-based communist – National Liberation Front aka Viet Cong & – North Vietnamese Army (NVA)
Direct successor of First Indochina War
Included Cambodia & Laos
“War Against the Americans and to Save the Nation”
USA withdrew

15. Third Indochina War: February- March 1979
People’s Republic of China (PRC) vs Socialist Republic of Vietnam
PRC’s response to Vietnam’s invasion and occupation of Cambodia
Lasted only a month
Both claimed victory