1. CAMBODIA | CHINA | LAO PDR | MYANMAR | THAILAND | VIETNAM
Regional Consultation on the Right to an Effective Remedy for Trafficked Persons
Annette Lyth
Regional Project Manager, UNIAP
Bangkok, 27 September 2013
CAMBODIA | CHINA | LAO PDR | MYANMAR | THAILAND | VIETNAM

2. Typical Trafficking Cases
Men, women and children into exploitative factories
Women and children for domestic work
Men onto fishing boats
Women and Girls in Forced Prostitution
Men, women and children onto construction sites
Private and Confidential

3. What is the scope of the problem? Recent research from the Asia region
Estimated number of people in forced labor in the Asia-Pacific region million and globally: 27 million (ILO 2005) Estimated number of Myanmar migrant workers trafficked into shrimp processing factories in Samut Sakhon province, Thailand: at least 66,000 – 99,000 (Johns Hopkins U 2010) Estimated number of Cambodian migrant workers in labor exploitation in Thailand annually: at least 20, % cheated, 33% exploited, 30% never paid. (UNIAP 2010) Percent of sex workers aged in the Mekong countries: 30% (UNICEF 2009)

4. NE Asia (Taiwan, Korea, etc.)
UK, EUR 
USA      
Middle East  
NE Asia (Taiwan, Korea, etc.)        
Where do people get trafficked to?
Sex  
Labor
Both      
Private and Confidential

5. Numbers of officially identified trafficking victims per country and year in the GMS, including key destination countries in wider East Asia
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Total
Key Destinations (alphabetical)
Cambodia
709
701
686
581
N/A
3,119
China, Indonesia, Malaysia Singapore, South Korea, Thailand, Viet Nam
China
10,820
16,568
24,118
29,853
81,359
Hong Kong, Japan, Macau, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand
Laos
235
155
145
195
925
China, Malaysia, Thailand
Myanmar
303
302
381
265
261
1,512
China, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand
Thailand
520
530
509
279
1,838
China, Indonesia, Japan, Macau, Malaysia, Singapore, South Korea, Viet Nam
Viet Nam
981
869
671
821
782
4,124
China, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand
2,748
13,377
18,960
26,259
31,533
92,877

6. UNIAP’s anti-human trafficking work

7. SIREN COMMIT Worst Offenders / Under-Served Victims
Policy informed by reliable data, research, case analyses
Policy informed by experiences of under-served victims and the NGOs serving them. Government support provided through COMMIT
SIREN
Worst Offenders / Under-Served Victims
SIREN exposes Worst Offenders and under-served victims; financial/technical support to NGOs strengthens SIREN network

8. Overview: The COMMIT Process
Government-led process between 6 GMS governments (China, Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam)
COMMIT Memorandum of Understanding signed by 6 countries in 2004 (Ministerial level)
Multi-sectoral COMMIT Task Forces established to oversee national activities across all 4 Ps
Sub-regional Action Plans (COMMIT SPAs) and annual COMMIT SOMs provide operational framework
Annual Workplans developed and implemented

9. COMMIT Strategic Plan of Action III
Identify victims, and provide age and gender appropriate care
Ensure victims are not held in detention
Provide victims with safe and timely repatriation, through cross-border cooperation
Offer appropriate, individualized reintegration options

10. SUPPORT TO UNDER-SERVED VICTIMS
(CSO GRANTS)

11. SHELTER SELF-IMPROVEMENT PROJECT
All shelters and reception centers in Vietnam; 6 pilots in China; launching in Cambodia, Laos, and Myanmar in 2012

12. LEGAL AID/SUPPORT

13. The criminal justice response to human trafficking in the Greater Mekong Sub-region, 2008 – 2011
2008
2009
2010
2011 A P C
Cambodia
172
117
N/A
231
165
242
249
215
255
247
182
China
1,353
2,161
1,636
2,413
1,919
3,680
1,773
3,045
Laos 23 8 74 26 32 79
Myanmar
127
145
170
135
Thailand 42 95 22 17 70 18 83 67 13
Viet Nam
718
748
683
670 .

14. ETHICS AND HUMAN RIGHTS TRAININGS
In all Mekong countries, for government, NGOs, media, academia

15. CHALLENGES TO REINTEGRATION
Not at all or inadequately assisted
Forcibly assisted
Undermine victim autonomy and empowerment
Inadequate national and transnational referral mechanisms.
Lack of information
Under resourced

16. CHALLENGES TO PROSECUTIONS
Long court processes with little incentive for victims to endure
Many entry points for cases to be sabotaged, with credible threats to life
Police case filing is often weak – little evidence, making prosecutions difficult
Weak protection of victims’ rights in fair trial standards

17. SOME REFLECTIONS ON THE DRAFT BASIC PRINCIPLES ON AN EFFECTIVE REMEDY