1. Intro to Joints

2. Joints: Where Two Bones Meet
JOINTS, OR PLACES WHERE TWO BONES COME TOGETHER, PERMIT THE BONES TO MOVE WITHOUT DAMAGING EACH OTHER.

3. Classification
The classification of joints is based on the amount _______________or their structure
The three main classes of joints are:

4. Synarthrosis (Fibrous)
 SYNARTHROSIS IS AN IMMOVABLE JOINT; THEY ARE OFTEN CALLED FIXED JOINTS, AND ALLOW NO MOVEMENT BETWEEN BONES. 

5. Amphiarthrosis (Cartilaginous)
 AMPHIARTHROSIS IS A SLIGHTLY MOVABLE JOINT. (SEMI MOVABLE JOINTS) 

6. Diarthrosis (Synovial)
DIARTHROSIS IS A FREELY MOVABLE JOINT.  MOST OF THE JOINTS OF THE BODY ARE FREELY MOVABLE JOINTS.

7. Synovial Joints
In Freely Movable Joints, the ends of the bones are covered with a layer of Cartilage that provides a smooth surface at the joint.

8. Synovial Joints The Joint Capsule consists of TWO Layers:
One of the layers of the joint capsule may thicken to form strips of tough Connective Tissue called LIGAMENTS.  LIGAMENTS ARE ATTACHED TO THE MEMBRANES THAT SURROUND BONES AND HOLD BONES TOGETHER AND IN PLACE.   

9. Synovial Joints
THE OUTER LAYER OF THE JOINT CAPSULE PRODUCES SYNOVIAL FLUID, WHICH FORMS A THIN LUBRICATING FILM OVER THE SURFACE OF A JOINT AND PROTECTS THE ENDS OF BONES FROM FRICTION.  This lubricating film enables the cartilage found on the ends of the bones to slip past each other more smoothly as the joint moves.

10. Synovial Joints
In some freely movable joints, SMALL POCKETS OF SYNOVIAL FLUID CALLED BURSAE FORM.  A BURSAE REDUCES THE FRICTION BETWEEN THE BONES OF A JOINT AND ALSO ACTS AS A TINY SHOCK ABSORBER.

12. Synovial Joints
A more serious disorder that affects the joints is ARTHRITIS or INFLAMMATION OF THE JOINT. There are Two Forms of Arthritis that affect joints.
    A. RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS –
    B. OSTEOARTHRITIS -

13. Synovial Joints
FREELY MOVABLE JOINTS ARE GROUPED ACCORDING TO THE SHAPES OF SURFACES OF THE ADJACENT BONES.  THERE ARE SIX TYPES OF FREELY MOVABLE JOINTS:

14.     A. BALL AND SOCKET JOINT -

16. B. HINGED JOINT -

18.     C. PIVOT JOINT -

20. D. GLIDING JOINT -

22.     E. SADDLE JOINT -

24. F. ELLIPSOID JOINT -