1. Joints Greek root “arthro” means “joint” Articulations can be:
Bone to bone
Bone to cartilage
Teeth in bony sockets

2. Classification of Joints
Structural : by type of tissue
Fibrous
Synovial Cavity
Cartilaginous
Functional : by movement
Amphiarthrosis
Synarthrosis
Diarthrosis

3. Type of Joint ?????
Figure 9.2b

4. cartilaginous joint – hyaline cartilage

5. cartilaginous joint
Figure 9.2c

6. Cartilaginous Joints Bones are united by cartilage
Amphiarthrosis (slightly movable)
Lack a joint cavity

7. ????
Figure 9.1a, b

8. Fibrous Joints
Figure 9.1a, b

9. Fibrous Joints Bones connected by fibrous connective tissue
Most are synarthorsis (immovable)
Do not have a joint cavity

10. ??????
Figure 9.3a

11. Synovial Joint
Figure 9.3a

12. Synovial Joints Diarthrosis – freely movable
Contains a fluid-filled (synovial fluid) cavity
Some contain bursa

15. Sagittal Section of Knee Joint
Figure 9.12a

16. General Structure of Synovial Joints

17. Anterior View of Knee
Figure 9.12c

18. Superior View of Knee Joint
Figure 9.12b

19. Anterior View of Flexed Knee
Figure 9.12e

20. Knee Joint Cruciate Ligaments
Prevent undesirable movements at the knee joint
Figure 9.13a

21. ACL Reconstructive Surgery

22. 6 Types of Synovial Joints

25. types of synovial joints

26. ????

27. Rheumatoid arthritis

28. ??????

29. Osteoarthritis

35. ?????

36. Uloric

37. Gouty arthritis

41. 3 Types of Arthritis ???

42. 3 Types of Joints (by Structure)

43. 6 Types of Synovial Joints

44. Can you “pop” your knuckles?

46. By stretching this capsule, you increase its volume.
When you stretch or bend your finger to pop the knuckle, the bones of the joint pull apart. As they do, the connective tissue capsule surrounding the joint is stretched.
By stretching this capsule,
you increase its volume.

47. With an increase in volume comes a decrease in pressure.
As the pressure of the synovial fluid drops, gases dissolved in the fluid become less soluble, forming bubbles.
When the joint is stretched far enough, the pressure drops so low that these bubbles burst, producing the “pop”.

48. It takes about 25 to 30 minutes for the gas to redissolve into the joint fluid.
During this period of time, your knuckles won't crack.

49. As for the harms associated with this habit,
As for the harms associated with this habit, . . ., only one in-depth study of knuckle popping has been published.
The study examined 300 knuckle crackers for evidence of joint damage.
The results revealed no apparent connection between joint cracking and arthritis;
Habitual knuckle poppers did show signs of other types of damage, including soft tissue damage to the joint capsule and a decrease in grip strength.
A professional baseball pitcher experiences similar effects in the various joints of his pitching arm.

50. When joints are manipulated, nerve endings are stimulated and the muscles surrounding the joint are relaxed. . . why people can feel "loose" and invigorated after leaving the chiropractor's office,
Backs, knees, elbows and all other synovial joints are subject to the same kind of manipulation.

52. 3 Bones of the Coxal Bone