2. Joints of The Body

3. What are the 3 Primary Types of Joints?
Fibrous-
Cartilaginous-
Synovial-

4. 1 Fibrous Joints
Are joined by fibrous tissue of two closely located bones
No Synovial Cavity
No movement in adults
Include:
Sutures of skull
sheet of tissue between the Tibia/Fibula and the Radius/Ulna
Roots of your teeth

5. 2 Cartilaginous Joint Bones are joined by hyaline cartilage
No Synovial Cavity
Most are immovable or have limited movement
Location:
Discs between vertebrae
Front of pelvis/coxal (pubic symphysis)
Ribs to sternum
Epiphyseal plate, prepubescent

6. 3. Synovial Joint Bones are separated by a fluid filled cavity
Synovial Fluid
free-moving
Includes most joints in the body
Ex: knee, shoulder, knuckle, elbow, thumb, hip, wrist , ankles

7. What are the 6 Synovial joints?
Ball and socket-
Hinge-
Pivot-
Condyloid- aka Ellipsoidal
Gliding- aka Plane
Saddle- specialized Condyloid

8. 1. Ball and Socket Joint
The spherical head of one bone joins the cup-like surface of another bone.
The most freely moving synovial joint.
All types of movement including rotation.
Examples: shoulder and hip

9. Joints of the Body
Ball and Socket Joint: Round end of bone fitting snuggly within another bone.
Ex. Shoulder and Hip

10. Movement-
Abduction- ab =“away”
Adduction- ad- together/towards
Rotation
Circumduction- circular movement

12. 2. Hinge Joint
A rounded section of one bone sits inside a depressed or trough like part of another bone.
Flexion and extension are only allowed at this joint.
Examples: knee, elbow, phalanges

13. Joints of the Body
Hinge Joint: Movement at joint in one direction like a door.
Limited movement- flexion and extension
Ex. Knee, Elbow, phalanx to phalanx

17. 3. Pivot Joint
The rounded end of one bone fits in a depression or sleeve of another bone
Allows only rotation in one plane
Examples: top two bones in the vertebral column (allows for rotation of the head) and the proximal end of ulna and radius (allows for pronation and supination)

18. Joints of the Body Pivot Joint: Bones parallel One way rotation
Ex. Turning Neck (atlas and axis), waving “No” with wrist, and Ankles

19. 4. Condyloid Joint
One bone has an oval surface while the other bone has a matching depression.
Allows all but rotation (flexion, extension abduction, adduction, and circumduction)
Example: metacarpal/phalange joint of the four fingers

20. Condyloid/Ellipsoidal
One bone has an oval surface while the other bone has a matching depression.
Movement- Allows all but rotation
Example: metacarpal/phalange joint of the four fingers (knuckles)

22. 5. Gliding Joint
The ends of the bones that are touching are fairly flat and only allow short gliding movement.
Examples: carpal/carpal or tarsal/tarsal

24. 6. Saddle Joint
Each bone in a saddle joint has concave and convex surface (like a saddle)
Allows large amounts of movement including opposition of your thumb (opposable thumbs)
Example: metacarpal/carpal of thumb only

25. Saddle joint FREE movement
Similar to condyloid, but in opposable thumb
Metacarpal to carpal in thumb only

26. JOINT REVIEW Free Assignment (all 9 joints)- Name the joint
Description (picture or words)
Movement (picture or words)
Example (1)

27. Joint Warm-Up
1 What is the fluid called that exists between the distal end of your femur and the proximal end of your tibia?
2 what is the name of the specialized condyloid joint that allows you and other primates to perform very detailed tasks with your hands?
3. Why do athletic coaches tell the players to “warm-up”?
4. the epiphyseal disk inside the proximal epiphysis of long bones is an example of what kind of joint?
5. Give me an example of a fibrous joint
6. Give me 5 examples of synovial joints
7. What kind of joint is found between your carpals?
8. Give me two examples of Cartilaginous joints
9. What type of joint is found at the proximal end of your humerus and pectoral girdles?
10. What is the most complex joint in your body?
11. turning your head side to side as if to say “no” is an example of motion produced by what type of joint?

28. The Connectors of the Body
Ligaments: Connect bone to bone

29. The Connectors of the Body!!
Tendon: Attaches muscles to bones

30. The Connectors of the Body
Cartilage: It acts as a cushion between bones at a joint and protects the bones.

31. Problems of the Skeletal System
Fracture: Break
Dislocation: Out of joint

32. Problems of the Skeletal System
Sprain: Swelling in the joint
Arthritis: Inflamed and stiff joints

33. Problems of the Skeletal System!!
Scoliosis: Curvature of the spine
Osteoporosis: Brittle bones