1. Lymphatic System & Immunity

2. Vocab Lymph: the fluid inside lymph vessels and capillaries
The lymphatic system: A collection of cells and biochemicals that aid in filtering and immunity

3. Lymphatic System Functions
Filters blood plasma
Launch immune attacks against foreign particles
Protects against toxins and cancer

5. Lymph Nodes Lymph nodes: specialized glands that contain lymphocytes
Lymphocytes: found all over the body
B and T cells
Macrophages that kill microorganisms
Lymphatic trunks: collecting ducts for lymph fluid
Lymph Modules: the functioning unit of a lymph node
Lymph Sinuses: a network of chambers in a lymph node

6. Lymphatic System
Thymus= a soft gland located in the chest that shrinks when you get older
Spleen: largest organ in the lymphatic system
Contains lymphocytes and macrophages
Filters blood as much as lymph nodes do

8. Lymph Movement Capillaries  vessels  nodes  trunks  ducts
Breathing, Exercise and movement increase lymph flow
Edema: reduced lymph flow (swelling)

10. Nonspecific (innate responses)
Inflammation= swelling, heat, pain, redness and pus
Fever= makes body inhospitable to pathogens
Phagocytosis= digests foreign material
Chemical barriers= body fluid, stomach acid
mechanical barriers= skin, mucus membranes, hair, sweat
Species resistance= organism can’t survive in human body
Natural killer cells= cells that secrete cytolytic substances that cut through cell membranes

11. Specific Immune Responses
Specific immune response: Specialized cells recognize foreign invaders (slower)
Antigens= proteins, sugars or lipids on a cell’s surface recognize foreign invaders

12. Specific Immunity
2. T cells: requires an antigen on the surface of cells
Enter tissues and Kill foreign invaders
Have a memory once exposed to a pathogen
T cells

13. Specific Immunity 3. B-cells: activated by antigens or T-cells
Have a memory
Never enters tissues
Produce antibodies

14. Specific Immunity
4. Antibodies: present in plasma, interstitial fluid, breast milk, tears, bile, stomach acid, mucus, urine Act on invaders 5. Allergic reactions: an immune response to a non- harmful substance that damages healthy tissue Allergens: thing that causes allergic reactions

15. Specific Immunity
6. Transplant/Tissue Rejection: donor part is recognized as an invader 7. Auto immunity: immune system turning against itself Examples: type 1 diabetes, mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus

16. Active Immunity
Naturally Acquired: exposure to pathogens stimulates immune response
ex: chicken pox
Artificially Acquired: a vaccination containing weak or dead pathogens is given to stimulate an immune response
ex: polio vaccination

17. Passive Immunity
Naturally Acquired: antibodies passed from mother to fetus through umbilical cord or breast milk
Artificially Acquired: antibodies injected into the blood stream