1. i-stem nouns Ablative—means, accompaniment, manner
Wheelock Caput XIV
i-stem nouns
Ablative—means, accompaniment, manner

3. Which nouns are i‐stem?
I. Words which are parasyllabic in the nominative and genitive singluar which repeat each other
(ex. fortis, fortis; navis, navis; civis, civis)
‐2) the nominative singular ends in “es” and the genitive is “is” (ex.nubes,nubis)
3)Four in which the nominative singular end in “er” and the genitive is “is” (ex. imber, imbris; linter, lintris: uter, utris; venter,ventris
stems (NOTE: canis, canis and iuvenis, iuvenis are exceptions)
(ex. imber, imbris; linter, lintris: uter, utris; venter,ventris
rain, boat, skin stomach

4. 3rd Declension i-stems Neuter:
1. the nominative singular is “e” and the genitive is “is.”
(ex. mare, maris; sedile, sedilis)
2. Words in which the nominative singular is “al” and the genitive is “alis.”
(ex. animal, animalis; capital, capitalis)
3. Words in which the nominative singular is “ar” and the genitive is “aris
ex. exemplar, exemplaris

5. II. Masculine and feminine words with a nominative sinugular endingin either “s” or “x” whose base ends in two consonants
urbs, urbis; dens dentis; arc, arcis, nox, noctis

6. vis vir vis vir viri vi viro vim virum vires virium virorum viribus
viris
viros

8. Ablative 1) the ablative of means uses no preposition

2) the ablative of manner uses the preposition cum

3) and the ablative of accompaniment uses the preposition cum and normally has a person as its object.
gero: The basic meaning of the verb is "to make something go, to run something." Its exact meaning must be derived from context and is often shaped by the particular direct object used with it (e.g. bellum gerere, "to wage war"; se gerere, "to conduct oneself, to behave"); cf. Eng. do in all its many uses and misuses: "do one's business," "do a job," "do time," "do a meeting," "do your hair".