1. What is the long-term impact of the Triangle shirtwaist Factory fire
What is the long-term impact of the Triangle shirtwaist Factory fire? How might this tragedy have been prevented?
Bell Ringer

2. Social Progressivism

3. Muckrakers
Journalists and authors who investigated and brought attention to social conditions and political corruption
Varying levels of respect
Muckraker
Journalists
Bad parts of
society

4. Muckrakers in Action Jacob Riis - “How the Other Half Lives”
Illustrated the destitution of the tenements
Lincoln Steffens – “The Shame of the Cities”
Exposed public corruption (political machines) in major cities
Ida Tarbell – The History of the Standard Oil Company
Credited with hastening the breakup of Standard Oil
Ida B. Wells - "Southern Horrors: Lynch Laws in All Its Phases”
Drew attention to Jim Crow and lynching in the South

5. African American Equality
Booker T. Washington
W.E.B. Du Bois
Equality for African Americans through economic advancement
Founder of the Tuskegee Institute
Equality for through political and governmental changes
Created the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
African American Equality

6. Muckrakers in Action Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle (1906)
Details the plight of the immigrant working class in the meat-packing district of Chicago
Goal: Draw attention to treatment of working class
Reaction: Disgust over dirty manufacturing processes

7. Reaction to the book was not as Sinclair intended – readers focused on the graphic descriptions of the unsanitary conditions of the meat packing plants and the disgusting results of these conditions
Domestic and foreign purchases of American meat fell by half
Sinclair wrote in Cosmopolitan Magazine in October 1906 about The Jungle: "I aimed at the public's heart, and by accident I hit it in the stomach.”
The novel brought public support for Congressional legislation and government regulation of the industry, including passage of the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act.
In 1919, he published The Brass Check, a muckraking exposé of American journalism that publicized the issue of yellow journalism and the limitations of the “free press” in the United States. In 1943, he won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction.

10. "I aimed at the public's heart, and by accident I hit it in the stomach.”

11. Effects of The Jungle Meat Inspection Act (1906)
Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)
TR read The Jungle and was incensed by the deplorable conditions described in the book. He demanded an investigation of the meat packing industry. Factories got word of the inspection and cleaned up, but inspectors were still horrified by what they found.
Meat Inspection Act (1906): Meat would be inspected and graded by the U.S.D.A.
Pure Food and Drug Act: Goal was to ensure proper labeling of food and drugs, and to prevent tampering.

12. Sought to improve conditions in cities according to Biblical principles (charity, justice)
YMCA - Young Men’s Christian Association
Organized Bible studies, prayer meetings, citizenship trainings, fitness activities
Social Gospel

13. The Social Gospel
Settlement houses: Homes where middle class residents lived with and helped poor residents
Medical care, English classes, hot lunches, etc.
Jane Addams and Hull House (Chicago, 1889)

14. The Temperance Movement

15. The Temperance Movement
Temperance Movement: Aimed to curb the consumption of alcohol and teach people about the dangers of alcohol.
Developed into the Prohibition movement (abolish alcohol completely)

16. The Temperance Movement Takes Off
Women’s Christian Temperance Movement (WCTU)
Led by Francis Willard
First mass organization among women devoted to social reform 
Saw alcoholism as a sign of larger social problems vs. personal weakness
Carrie A. Nation
Radical member of the temperance movement
Destroyed saloons with a hatchet while singing and praying with her followers
“Smash, ladies, smash!”

17. Prohibition Takes Over
Anti-Saloon League: The leading organization to lobby for prohibition in the United States
Supporters: Protestants, South, rural areas
Opponents: City dwellers, immigrants
18th Amendment - Prohibition (1919)

18. Rock the Vote!
Women ‘s Suffrage

19. Fight for Women’s Suffrage
Mostly urban, middle class women
Seneca Falls Convention (1848)
Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott
Declaration of Sentiments
Grew out of the abolitionist movement
Fight for Women’s Suffrage

20. Time to Organize!
National American Woman’s Suffrage Association (NAWSA)
State-by-state laws replaced with national amendment
Led by Carrie Chapman Catt
Became the League of Women Voters
National American Woman’s Suffrage Association (NAWSA)
primary promoter of women's right to vote
Moved from state-by-state legislation to national legislation
It recruited celebrities, both men and women, who could draw attention to the cause. It raised money from members and wealthy donors, using the funds to train and send paid and volunteer organizers into the field to canvass for votes and enlist new members. It specialized in parades and street rallies, with its white uniforms and banners designed to draw crowds as well as newspaper reporters. It built alliances with local women's clubs, as well as state and national groups, and even some labor unions.
After success in 1920, the NAWSA was reformed as the League of Women Voters, which continues the legacy.
The downside? Convincing men it was a good idea.
NAWSA carrying the signatures of 1 million women who supported suffrage

21. Opposition to Suffrage
Difficulty was convincing men it was a good idea
Suffrage seen as unfeminine and immoral
National Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage
Helen Kendrick Johnson

22. Votes for Women! National Women’s Party Occoquan Workhouse
Led by Alice Paul
More radical than NAWSA
Picketed the White House after entrance into WWI
Occoquan Workhouse
Alice Paul created the National Women’s Party, using a more public method to gain suffrage
After the US joined WWI, the NWP began picketing the White House
Was jailed three times for demonstrating for women’s suffrage.
She went on a hunger strike in protest of her arrest and was force-fed by the warden.
On the night of November 15, 1917, the superintendent of the Occoquan Workhouse, , ordered the nearly forty guards to brutalize the suffragists. They beat Lucy Burns, chained her hands to the cell bars above her head, then left her there for the night. They threw into a dark cell and smashed her head against an iron bed, which knocked her out. Her cellmate, , who believed Lewis to be dead, suffered a heart attack. According to affidavits, guards grabbed, dragged, beat, choked, pinched, and kicked other women.

23. She went on a hunger strike in protest of her arrest and was force-fed by the warden.
On the night of November 15, 1917, the superintendent of the Occoquan Workhouse, , ordered the nearly forty guards to brutalize the suffragists. They beat Lucy Burns, chained her hands to the cell bars above her head, then left her there for the night. They threw into a dark cell and smashed her head against an iron bed, which knocked her out. Her cellmate, , who believed Lewis to be dead, suffered a heart attack. According to affidavits, guards grabbed, dragged, beat, choked, pinched, and kicked other women.

24. 19th Amendment: Women are given the right to vote (1920)

25. Presidential Progressivism
Making Progress at the Top

26. Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal
Break up trusts that drove up prices and hurt labor
TR - Most Progressive President of his time
Control of Corporations
Ensure that products were made safely for the consumer (e.g. Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food and Drug Act)
Consumer Protection
Conservation of Nature
Ensure the protection and conservation of natural resources and landscapes

27. TR the Naturalist
TR’s conservationism inspired by childhood adventures outdoors
Became great friends with naturalist John Muir
Created the first national parks and wildlife preserves

28. TR the “Trust Buster” Determined to eliminate powerful trusts
“Good trusts” vs. “Bad trusts”
“Good”: US Steel (Carnegie)
“Bad”: Northern Securities Co. (Morgan)

29. Taft Fun Facts
First President to throw out the ceremonial first pitch at a baseball game
“Invented” the 7th inning stretch
The only President to serve in all three branches of the Federal Government
…but get stuck in the bathtub one time, and that’s all they ever remember!

30. William Howard Taft Hand-selected by TR to succeed him
Bigger trust buster than TR (pun intended )
All trusts are bad
Attacked US Steel
Caused TR to seek a third term to fix the damage done by Taft
William Howard Taft

31. Bull Moose Party Progressive Party
Regulation of industry
Labor protection
Conservation
Expansion of democracy (women’s suffrage)
Nicknamed the Bull Moose Party after TR

32. Taft TR
Wilson
The Election of 1912