1. Chapter 13
Ear
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2. Chapter 13
Lesson 13.1
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13-2

3. Objectives Identify organs and structures of the ear.
Define and spell the word parts related to the ear.
Define, pronounce and spell disease and disorder terms related to the ear.
Define, pronounce, and spell surgical terms related to the ear.
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

4. Function of the Ear
hearing and providing the sense of balance. The ear is made up of three parts: the external ear, the middle ear, and the inner ear. We hear because sound waves vibrate through the ear where they are transformed into nerve impulses that are then carried to the brain.
Can you think of causes of abnormal functioning of the ear?
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

5. Anatomy of the Ear
What are the functions of the three main parts of the ear?
What is cerumen, and where is it found?
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6. The Middle Ear
Note the complexity of the elements that make up the middle ear.
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7. Ear external ear auricle (pinna): located on both sides of the head
external auditory meatus: short tube that ends at the tympanic membrane
The auricle directs sound waves into the external auditory meatus. It is the part of the ear tissue that is pierced for earrings.
The external auditory meatus, also called “canal,” has an inner part lying within the temporal bone of the skull and containing the glands that secrete earwax (cerumen).
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

8. Ear (cont’d.) middle ear
tympanic membrane (eardrum): semitransparent membrane that separates the external auditory meatus and the middle ear cavity and transmits sound vibrations to the ossicles
eustachian tube: connects the middle ear and the pharynx
ossicles: bones of the middle ear that carry sound vibrations
The eustachian tube equalizes the air pressure on both sides of the eardrum.
Describe the ossicles and their functions. (The ossicles are the malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), and stapes (stirrup). The stapes connects to the oval window, which transmits the sound vibrations to the inner ear.)
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9. Ear (cont’d.) labyrinth (inner ear)
cochlea: snail-shaped and contains the organ of hearing; connects to the oval window in the middle ear
semicircular canals and vestibule: contain receptors and endolymph that help the body maintain its sense of balance
mastoid bone and cells: located in the skull bone behind the external auditory meatus
The labyrinth includes the bony spaces within the temporal bone of the skull.
The semicircular canals and vestibule help regulate equilibrium.
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

10. Combining Forms of the Ear
audi/o
aur/i, aur/o, ot/o
chochle/o
labyrinth/o
mastoid/o
myring/o
staped/o
tympan/o
vestibul/o
What is the combining form for “ear,” and how might it be used in terminology?
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11. Clicker Question The combining form for ear drum is myring/o staped/o
audi/o
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12. Helpful Information tympan/o usually means middle ear
myring/o means eardrum (tympanic membrane)
labyrinth/o means inner ear
Create terms using these combining forms.
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

13. Disease and Disorder Terms Built from Word Parts
labyrinthitis
mastoiditis
myringitis
otalgia
osteomastoiditis
otomycosis
otopyorrhea
otorrhea
otosclerosis
tympanitis
Explain how to break each term into word parts and define the word parts.
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14. Disease and Disorder Terms Not Built From Word Parts
acoustic neuroma
ceruminoma
cholesteatoma
ménière disease
otitis externa
otitis media (OM)
presbycusis
tinnitus
vertigo
Explain how to analyze terms that are not built from word parts.
Ménière disease is an example of an eponym.
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15. Clicker Question Hearing impairment in old age is otosclerosis
presbycusis
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16. Surgical Terms Built from Word Parts
cochlear implant
labyrinthectomy
mastoidectomy
mastoidotomy
myringoplasty
myringotomy
stapedectomy
tympanoplasty
Explain how to break each term into word parts and define the word parts.
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

17. What word is formed from the word parts listed on the slide?
myringotomy
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18. Chapter 13
Lesson 13.2
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19. Objectives
Define, pronounce and spell diagnostic terms related to the ear.
Interpret the meaning of abbreviations related to the ear.
Interpret, read and comprehend medical language in simulated medical statements and documents.
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

20. Diagnostic Terms Built from Word Parts
audiogram
audiometry
otoscope
otoscopy
tympanometer
tympanometry
Explain how to break each term into word parts and define the word parts.
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21. What word parts create the term that describes the picture in the slide?
audiogram
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22. Complementary Terms Built from Word Parts
audiologist
audiology
aural
cochlear
otologist
otology
otorhinolaryngologist (ENT)
vestibular
vestibulocochlear
Explain how these terms are built and their relation to ear anatomy or treatment.
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23. Abbreviations ADM EENT ENT OM
Describe the terms to which these abbreviations apply.
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24. Read Medical Terms in Use
Acute Otitis Media
Acute otitis media is one of the most common pediatric
infections. Most middle ear infections are caused by
bacteria, and some by viruses. Symptoms include
otalgia, otorrhea, ear pulling, and irritability. The tympanic
membrane will be bulging, red in color, with a thickened
appearance and reduced translucency Antibiotics may
be ordered if the infection does not resolve on its own.
If unresponsive to antibiotic treatment, a myringotomy
may be performed to identify the causative pathogen,
allowing for the appropriate antibiotic treatment to be
prescribed.
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.