1. Plate tectonics and other cool stuff
The Forces of the Earth
Plate tectonics and other cool stuff

2. Plates – huge moving slabs that form the Earth’s crust
Vocabulary
Plates – huge moving slabs that form the Earth’s crust
Plate tectonics – the theory that the Earth’s crust is made of plates that are constantly drifting apart and sliding together

3. Tectonic Plates

4. Vocabulary
Crust – the band of solid rock on the Earth’s surface that floats on the mantle
Mantle – a partly melted, white-hot inner layer of rock between the Earth’s curst and core

5. How Plates Move

6. Pangaea – the supercontinent that existed 225 million years ago

7. where plates pull apart
Plate Boundaries
Divergent Boundaries
where plates pull apart

8. Convergent Boundaries
How Plates Move
Convergent Boundaries
Where plates meet

9. Oceanic-Oceanic Convergence
How Plates Move
Oceanic-Oceanic Convergence

10. Oceanic-Oceanic Convergnce Mid-Ocean Ridges

11. Birth of an Island Surtsey 1963

12. Continental-Continental Convergence
How Plates Move
Continental-Continental Convergence

13. Mountain Ranges

14. Rise of the Himalayas

15. Vocabulary Magma – liquid rock within the Earth’s mantle
Lava – liquid rock that has reached the Earth’s surface
Subduction – the process by which the Earth’s crust slides into the mantle and melts into magma
Volcanism – the outpouring of molten rock onto the Earth’s surface through cracks in the crust

16. Subduction Zones
Trench Flipping
Standard Subduction

17. Faulting – where two tectonic plates slide past one another
How Plates Move
Transform-Fault Boundaries
Faulting – where two tectonic plates slide past one another

18. Fault Lines

19. San Andreas Fault

20. Ring of Fire

21. Hot Spots
Hot spots – molten rock that forces its way through the crust, but is not located along a plate boundary

22. Vocabulary
Weathering – the slow breakdown of rock into finer particles by natural means
Erosion – the breakdown and movement of rock particles by running water, ocean currents, wind or ice

23. Weathering and Erosion

24. Glacial Erosion
Glacier – a river or sheet of ice that scrapes the soil off the land as it moves

25. Greenhouse Effect
Greenhouse effect – the trapping of heat within the atmosphere and oceans by carbon dioxide

26. World Climates