1. Unit 6, Lesson 4: Conflict and Cooperation in Afroeurasia During Era 4,

2. Within Afroeurasia, there are many different regions
Within Afroeurasia, there are many different regions. The Middle East and Central Asia (shown on the map below) are two regions discussed in this lesson.
Central Asia
Middle East

3. Looking back to the previous era….
The Roman Empire
at its height, 117 CE
Looking back to the previous era….
Remember the Romans?
This is how big their empire was.

4. States and Empires in 600 CE
Sui China
Silla
Parhae
Yamoto Japan
Harsha’ Empire
Chalukya
Avar Kingdom
Frankish Kingdoms
Ghana
Axum
Sassanid Empire
Byzantine Empire
Turn and Talk:
The different colors represent different empires or kingdoms.
What do you notice about the area that used to be the Roman Empire?
500 Years Later
States and Empires in 600 CE

5. What do you notice about the area that used to be the Roman Empire?
Turn and Talk:
What do you notice about the area that used to be the Roman Empire?
600+ Years Later

6. Stop and Jot, then Turn and Talk:
What changed in terms of who controlled what territory between 117 CE and 771 CE?
What was the global pattern of political change during this time period?

7. Islamic Expansion 622-750 Muslim Territories
The arrows on this map represent military campaigns.
Turn and Talk: Why do you think the arrows stop where they do? Why don’t they go further?

8. Stop and jot: what does this map tell us about interaction in era 4?

9. Turn and Talk:
How does this map add to what we can learn from the last map? What other information does it give us?

10. What do the squares represent?
Turn and Talk:
What do the squares represent?
What do the circles represent?
What do the triangles represent?
Where are the biggest cities?
Why do you think they are where they are?

11. This map shows the same area about 200 years later.
Turn and Talk:
Where are the biggest cities now?

12. This map shows the same area about 260 years later.
Turn and Talk:
Where are the biggest cities now?

13. Turn and Talk:
What changed over time on these maps?
Is there a pattern around where most of the big cities are located? Describe
Why do you think this is so?

14. Urbanization! What does this word mean?
Turn and talk and suggest some possible definitions. Do you remember this word from earlier lessons?

15. Urbanization
the process by which towns and cities are formed and become larger as more and more people begin living and working in central areas 

16. Turn and Talk: Make a prediction:
If the Tang Empire had conflict with the Islamic caliphates, where on this map do you think this conflict took place? Why?

17. Part of the Fergana Valley in modern day Kyrgyzstan.
Approximate zone of Tang control
Approximate zone of Abassid control
Both the Tang Dynasty and the Abassid Caliphate had relationships with smaller kingdoms on the edges of their areas of control. In order to gain influence, they sided with different kingdoms in their conflicts. The Tang and Abbassids ended up on opposite sides in a war between kingdoms near the Fergana Valley.

18. Approximate location of the Battle of the Talas River
The Tang army and the Abassid army, along with armies of their allies, met at a battle on the Talas River. Some historians argue that this battle changed the history of Asia in important ways.
Stop and Jot: Remember when you made a prediction in the last lesson about how a battle could change the history of a large area? Reflect on your prediction. What are you thinking now about this question and what did you learn that can help you answer it more completely?

19. Era 4 changes:
During Era 4, due in part to the development and spread of Islamic political power over large regions, as well as the expansion of Tang Chinese society, societies in Afroeurasia continued to develop and interact even though there were more political divisions than before.
Economic activity and trade increased
Cities grew both in number and size
More cities, and bigger cities, lead to more trade.
Agricultural production improved and increased as well.
More food meant more people could specialize in different jobs, and also that cities could support more of these people.
More trade meant a greater need for regulation and protection of trade routes.
Exit Pass: What new problems do you think these changes created?

20. Property of Oakland Schools
Authors: Stacie Woodward and Darin Stockdill
Editor: Amy Bloom
Academic Review: Ian Moyer