1. NORTH AFRICA & SOUTHWEST ASIA II (Chapter 7, pages 240-257)

2. The Impact of Oil High incomes Modernization Industrialization
Intra-realm migration
Inter-realm migration
Regional disparities
Foreign investment

3. Oil and Natural Gas Reserves

4. Regions of the Realm

5. Egypt and the Lower Nile Basin
Continuous civilization > 5,000 years
95% of Egypt's 76.4 million people live within 20 km (12 miles) of the Nile
Irrigation
Basin
Perennial (mid-1800s)
Aswan High Dam (1968)
Increased agricultural output by 50%
Provides 40% of Egypt’s electricity
Environmental issues

6. Sudan Confluence of White and Blue Nile North-south split
North: Arabized, Muslim
South: African, Christianized
Oil in the desert
Darfur

7. The Maghreb and Its Neighbors

8. The Maghreb and Its Neighbors
The Maghreb dominated by the Atlas Mountains
Fertile coastline (The Tell)
Rain shadow effect
Morocco — last of the North African kingdoms
Algeria — a secular republic with religious-political problems
Tunisia — smallest and most Westernized of the Maghreb countries
Libya — oil-rich desert state with a coastal orientation

9. Maghreb Saharan Neighbors
Mauritania: Large, sparsely populated, most Islamized
Mali: Dependent on water of upper Niger River
Niger: Among world’s least urbanized countries
Chad: Strongest split between Muslim north and animist/Christian south

10. Middle
East

11. Iraq
U.S. invasion and overthrow of Sunni Muslim regime of Saddam Hussein (2003)
Regions of Iraq
Sunni
Northwest
Sunni Triangle (center)
Shi’ite (oilfields)
Kurdish (oilfields)

12. Middle East Syria: Jordan: Lebanon: Minority rule by Alawites
Sufficient rainfall for non-irrigated farming
Jordan:
Palestinian refugees
Loss of West Bank (1967)
Lebanon:
Religious and ethnic strife
Conflicts with neighbors

13. Israel

14. Israel UN partition plan for Palestine
Division into Jewish and Arab areas
Proclamation of Israeli independence (May 14, 1948)
1948: Arab invasion (war of independence)
Egyptian, Iraqi, Jordanian, and Syrian forces
Israel seizes more land than prescribed under UN mandate

15. Israel Arab – Israeli conflicts 1956: Suez War
1967: Six-day War – Israel gains control of:
Gaza Strip from Egypt
Sinai Peninsula from Egypt
West Bank of the Jordan River from Jordan
East sector of Jerusalem from Jordan
Golan Heights from Syria
1973: Yom Kippur War

16. Arab-Israeli Conflict
Palestinians as stateless nation
West Bank and Jewish settlements
Golan Heights
The Security Barrier
The Gaza Strip (turned over to Palestinian Authority)

17. The Struggle for Jerusalem
Sacred to Judaism, Christianity, Islam
Judaism: Ancient capital
Christianity: Jesus’ crucifixion, resurrection
Islam: Ascension of Prophet Muhammad to heaven