1. Chapter 4 RECONSTRUCTION AND THE NEW SOUTH
The American Nation In the Modern Era
11/13/2018
Chapter 4 RECONSTRUCTION AND THE NEW SOUTH
Section 1: Presidential Reconstruction
Section 2: Congressional Reconstruction
Section 3: Reconstruction in the South
Section 4: The New South
CHAPTER 4--Reconstruction and the New South

2. Objectives: Section 1: Presidential Reconstruction
What hopes and expectations did African Americans in the South have for their lives as freedpeople?
How did President Lincoln and Congress differ over plans for Reconstruction?
How did President Johnson’s programs benefit former Confederates?
How did the Black Codes affect freedpeople?

3. African Americans Section 1: Presidential Reconstruction
wished to establish churches and schools
hoped to legalize marriages
hoped to find family members who had been sold away
desired ownership of land
expected basic human rights

4. Lincoln Section 1: Presidential Reconstruction
wanted to abolish slavery
wanted to give amnesty to most southerners
wished to allow rebel states to rejoin the Union when ten percent of residents who had voted in 1860 pledged loyalty to the Union

5. Congress Section 1: Presidential Reconstruction
wanted to abolish slavery
wanted to delay Reconstruction until a majority of each state’s white males took a loyalty oath

6. President Johnson’s programs
Section 1: Presidential Reconstruction
President Johnson’s programs
gave blanket pardons for most rebels
gave easy terms for readmission into the Union: states had to nullify their acts of secession, abolish slavery, and refuse to pay war debts

7. The Black Codes Section 1: Presidential Reconstruction
tried to deprive freedpeople of equality
re-established white control over African American labor

8. Objectives: Section 2: Congressional Reconstruction
What issues divided Republicans during the early Reconstruction era?
Why did moderates and Radical Republicans join forces, and what actions did they take on behalf of African Americans?
Why was President Johnson impeached, and why did the Senate not remove him from office?
Why were African Americans crucial to the election of 1868, and how did Republicans respond to their support?

9. Radical Republicans Section 2: Congressional Reconstruction
wanted to create an entirely new South
wanted to give African Americans the right to vote

10. Moderate Republicans Section 2: Congressional Reconstruction
wanted to restore southern states to the Union
wanted to keep former Confederates out of government
wanted to give African Americans some civil equality

11. Radical and moderate Republicans
Section 2: Congressional Reconstruction
Radical and moderate Republicans
joined forces to protect African Americans from violence
passed Civil Rights Act of 1866, over presidential veto
extended the Freedmen’s Bureau, over presidential veto
passed the Fourteenth Amendment

12. Johnson’s impeachment
Section 2: Congressional Reconstruction
Johnson’s impeachment
general dislike of Johnson’s lenient Reconstruction policies
Johnson’s violation of the Tenure of Office Act
inappropriate speeches and acts

13. Johnson’s acquittal Section 2: Congressional Reconstruction weak case
overly critical attacks
fear that impeachment would weaken future presidents and the system of checks and balances

14. Election of 1868 Section 2: Congressional Reconstruction
African American votes were crucial to getting Ulysses S. Grant elected president.
Republicans passed the Fifteenth Amendment, extending the vote to African American men.

15. Objectives: Section 3: Reconstruction in the South
How did African Americans attempt to improve their lives during the Reconstruction era?
What reforms did Republican governments enact?
How did some African Americans respond to harassment by the Ku Klux Klan?
What caused Reconstruction to end?

16. African Americans improving their lives
Section 3: Reconstruction in the South
African Americans improving their lives
registered to vote
joined and formed political organizations
lobbied for political equality
built churches and schools
served as delegates to state constitutional conventions

17. Republican government reforms
Section 3: Reconstruction in the South
Republican government reforms
creation of new state constitutions
abolition of property qualifications for jurors and candidates
creation of new services
construction of new roads and bridges

18. Responses to Ku Klux Klan
Section 3: Reconstruction in the South
Responses to Ku Klux Klan
retaliation by burning barns
lobbying for congressional protection

19. End of Reconstruction Section 3: Reconstruction in the South
economic problems such as the Panic of 1873
immigrant tendency to use universal suffrage to support Democrats
dissolution of alliance between northern business people and freed slaves
increasing white violence in the South
Compromise of 1877

20. Objectives: Section 4: The New South
What were the drawbacks to the sharecropping system?
How did Jim Crow laws and the Plessy v. Ferguson decision change life for southern African Americans?
How did African Americans attempt to improve their economic situation after Reconstruction?
How did Booker T. Washington and Ida B. Wells think African Americans should respond to Jim Crow laws?

21. The sharecropping system
Section 4: The New South
The sharecropping system
Sharecroppers had no income until harvest time.
System required farmers to rely on one crop only.
System left farmers and the region dependent on outsiders for their food supply.

22. Jim Crow and Plessy v. Ferguson
Section 4: The New South
Jim Crow and Plessy v. Ferguson
The Jim Crow laws segregated African Americans, and in Plessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme Court ruled that segregation was legal.

23. African American attempts to improve their lives
Section 4: The New South
African American attempts to improve their lives
formed societies and cooperatives
supported churches and schools
supported businessmen

24. Booker T. Washington Section 4: The New South
wanted African Americans to achieve economic independence
discouraged African Americans from protesting discrimination

25. Ida B. Wells Section 4: The New South
urged African Americans to protest discrimination
wanted African Americans to leave the South