1. Ch. 17: Non Renewable Resources

2. Oil of Wilderness on Alaska’s North Slope?
Oil has been extracted from parts of Alaska’s North Slope since 1977.
The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) contains oil deposits but oil exploration has been forbidden.
In 1980, a region called the 1002 Area was designated for future decision making. Today, a debate rages as to whether oil drilling should be allowed.
Talk About It How might oil exploration in the 1002 Area affect the surrounding people and wilderness? 2

3. Lesson 17.1- Energy: An Overview
The United States has only 4.5% of the world’s population but uses 21.1% of the world’s energy. 3

4. What Is Energy? The ability to do work or cause a change
Kinetic energy: Due to motion
Potential energy: Due to an object’s position or shape 4

5. Forms of Energy
Mechanical: Associated with the motion and position of an object; can be kinetic or potential
Electrical: Associated with electric charges; can be kinetic or potential
Thermal: Kinetic energy of atoms and molecules— the faster atoms and molecules move in an object, the warmer it becomes
Overhead transmission lines carry electrical current. 5

6. Forms of Energy continued…
Electromagnetic: Kinetic energy that travels as waves
Chemical: Potential energy stored in molecular bonds
Nuclear: Potential energy stored by forces that hold atomic nuclei together
Chemical energy is stored in food. 6

7. Energy Conversion and Efficiency
Energy cannot be destroyed; it can only be converted, or changed, from one form to another.
Energy efficiency is an expression of how much of the energy put into a system actually does useful work.
First Flight
The combustion of gasoline powered the first airplane as it flew over the beach in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, on December 17, 1903. 7

8. Energy Sources and Uses
Renewable: Nearly always available or replaceable in a relatively short time; includes sunlight, wind, flowing water, heat from Earth
Nonrenewable: Cannot be replaced in a reasonable time; includes fossil fuels and nuclear energy
Energy Use
Four uses of energy: Industrial, transportation, residential, commercial
Developed nations tend to use more energy than developing nations.
Wind power is a renewable energy source. 8

9. World Patterns
Developed countries use much more energy than developing countries. However, energy use in some of the developing countries like China is growing rapidly.
Even between developed countries, there are marked differences: Canada and US use twice as much energy as Japan and Switzerland.

10. How energy is generated
Why the Differences?
Personal income
How energy is generated
How energy is used

11. How Does the U.S. Use Energy?

12. The types of energy used by the United States

13. Energy Use Everything we eat or wear requires energy for production.
The price of every product or service reflects the cost of energy.
Huge differences in usage throughout the world

14. Bill Nye: Energy

15. One quarter of global coal reserves are found in the United States.
Lesson Fossil Fuels
One quarter of global coal reserves are found in the United States. 15

16. Non Renewable Resources
Energy sources that are used and consumed faster (by humans) than nature produces them.
Examples include metals, coal, oil, natural gas, petroleum, and nuclear generated power.
Coal & natural gas take centuries to form. Oil takes billions of years to form. This is because they are fossil fuels.

18. HOW ARE OIL AND GAS MADE ???

19. HOW IS COAL MADE ???

20. Coal
Formed from plant remains subjected to high heat and pressures over millions of years
Provides 1/4 of the world’s energy
Compared to other fossil fuels, coal is cheap, needs little processing, and is easy to transport.
How Coal Forms
Did You Know? Coal is the most abundant fossil fuel on Earth. 20

21. Oil Dark, liquid fossil fuel made up mostly of hydrocarbons
Formed from the remains of ancient marine organisms and found in underground deposits
Used in fuel for cars, trucks, planes, ships
Used in chemical compounds (petrochemicals)
Also known as petroleum 21

22. Drilling and Refining Oil
After crude oil is extracted from the ground, it is separated into different fuels in a refinery.
Primary extraction: Oil flows out of the well, because it is already under pressure.
Secondary extraction: Increased pressure or injections needed to remove oil 22

23. Natural Gas
Primarily methane gas with small amounts of other gases mixed in
Often found above oil or coal deposits
Much less polluting than coal or oil and releases more energy when combusted
Used for heating, appliances (stoves, dryers), and making electricity 23

24. Fossil Fuel Supply
Consumption is still rising, but new fossil fuels do not form on a human timescale.
New oil sources—oil sands, oil shale, methane hydrates— are expensive, energy-intensive, and can be hazardous to obtain.
Coal sources are still relatively abundant, but not infinite.
Did You Know? Some studies suggest we have extracted nearly half Earth’s oil, and that U.S. coal supplies may last just 130 years. 24

25. BP Oil Spill Disaster Videos 25