1. The Wonderful World of Computers
Larry Holder The University of Tennessee at Martin

2. It all began with the ABC in the 1930’s

3. Followed by the ENIAC in the 40’s
The ENIAC contained 17,468 vacuum tubes and 5 million hand-soldered joints.
It weighed about 30 tons, was 8 × 3 × 100 feet in size, occupied an area of
1,800 square feet, and used 150 kW of electricity.
and the Univac in the 50’s

4. The Transistor: perhaps the most important development of the 20th century
The transistor is the fundamental building block of modern electronic devices. First practically implemented in 1947 by American physicists John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley, the transistor revolutionized the field of electronics, and paved the way for smaller and cheaper radios, calculators, and computers, among other things. The transistor is on the list of IEEE milestones in electronics, and Bardeen, Brattain, and Shockley shared the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics for their achievement.

5. But the real revolution began in the 70’s

6. Not to mention the Internet’s beginnings in 1969 (no thanks to Al Gore)

7. Remember any of these Micros?

8. The Very Basics… It all boils down to…
INPUT
Processing
OUTPUT

9. A TRILLION x TRILLION … Wow, that’s a Yotta bytes!!!
And Bits and Bytes
0 1
Everything in the computer is stored as:
8 bits (Binary Digits) =
1 Byte
1,024 Bytes = Kilobyte (KB) 1,024
1,024 KB = Megabyte (MB) 1,048,576
1,204 MB = Gigabyte (GB) 1,073,741,824
1,204 GB = Terabyte (TB) 1,099,511,627,776
1,204 TB = Petabyte (PB) 1,125,899,906,842,624
1,024 PB = Exabyte (EB) 1,152,921,504,606,846,976
1,024 EB = Zettabyte (ZB) 1,180,591,620,717,411,303,424
1,024 ZB = Yottabyte (YB) 1,208,925,819,614,629,174,706,176
A TRILLION x TRILLION … Wow, that’s a Yotta bytes!!!

10. Binary is found in Nature
Electricity
Magnetism
Light

11. The processing is handled by the CPU (Central Processing Unit)

12. CPU’s are rated in Gigahertz
Giga = Billion
Hertz = Cycle
Gigahertz = Billions of Cycles per Second

13. The Machine Cycle

14. And it needs lots of RAM! (Memory)

15. How much RAM? 1990 – 4 MB (about 4 million bytes) at $50 per MB = $200
2016 – 4 GB (about 4 BILLION bytes) = $20
4 GB at 1990’s prices?
4 GB = 4,096 MB x $50/MB = $204,800

16. Paging File (Virtual Memory)
Memory vs Hard Drive
RAM
Hard Drive
Typical 1 to 3 TB
Paging File (Virtual Memory)

17. The Layers of Computing
The “User” (you)
Application Software (the “apps”)
Systems Software (Windows, MacOS, Linux)
Hardware (the nuts and bolts)

18. Storing our Data

19. Connecting our Stuff USB (Universal Serial Bus) HDMI
(for display to TV, etc)
Ethernet (for Internet)

20. Everything’s a Computer!!!

21. And the Internet has changed the world
What did we do before:
Amazon
Travelocity
Airbnb
Facebook
YouTube
Twitter
Google
Gmail
Wikipedia
… etc. etc. etc. …

22. Percentages of Computers in Household and Internet Use at Home between 1984 and 2011

23. Internet Users Worldwide
First graphical web browser, NCSA Mosaic, released in 1993

24. lholder@utm.edu www.utm.edu/staff/lholder
This presentation is purely for non-profit educational purposes. Any images taken from various websites are used under Fair Use. Additional credits or removal of images will be done upon request.