1. Macromolecules

2. Organic Chemistry
Carbon atoms can form diverse molecules by bonding to four other atoms

3. Carbon Skeletons
Length
Double bond position
Branching
Presence of rings
Figure 4.5 Four ways that carbon skeletons can vary
Carbon atoms can form diverse molecules by bonding to four other atoms

4. Isomers Structural = Difference in covalent bonds
Cis-trans = Difference in arrangement around double bond
Enantiomers = Difference in shape due to the presence of an asymmetric carbon

5. Pharmacological Enantiomers

7. Awakenings

8. Thalidomide

9. Thalidomide

10. Chemical Groups

11. Functional Groups

13. Macromolecules Carbohydrates Proteins
Lipids (not classified as a macro)
Nucleic Acids

14. Monosaccharides
Aldehyde or Ketone with hydroxyl groups

15. Glucose
Though often drawn as linear skeletons, in aqueous solutions many sugars form rings (more stable)
Monosaccharides serve as a major fuel for cells and as raw material for building molecules

16. Disaccharides
Glycosidic linkages – connection between two monosaccarides

17. Polysaccharides (Storage)

18. Polysaccharides (Storage)

20. Cellulose (Structural)

21. Chitin (Structural)

22. Lipids - Hydrophobic Triglycerides Ester Linkages Glycerol
Three fatty acids
Ester Linkages

23. Saturated vs. Unsaturated
Trans fat – hydrogenated oils

24. Phospholipids

25. Lipid Functions Energy storage Cushions internal organs Insulation
Membrane Structure
Water storage
Toxic storage
Chemical Messengers

26. Steroids
Cholesterol – precursor to other steroids

27. Steroids

28. Steroids

29. Steroids

30. Proteins

31. Peptide Bonds

32. Primary Structure

33. Secondary Structure

34. Tertiary Structure

35. Quaternary Structure

37. Hemoglobin

40. Protein Functions Structural (Collagen) Storage Transport
Hormonal (Coordination of body activities)
Receptor
Movement (Contractile and motor)
Defensive
Enzymes

41. Nucleic Acids