1. 2nd Wave Imperialism

2. Definition of Imperialism - The practice of one country extending its control over the territory, political system, or economic life of another country.

3. Industrial revolution Need for raw materials Desire for markets
New technology
New medicines
Causes of 2nd wave

4. 2nd wave causes Nationalism Symbol of “great power”
Pride in controlling every remote piece of land
Politically popular
Superiority complex
Social Darwinism
2nd wave causes

5. The Scramble for Africa
The focus of most of Europe’s imperialist activities in the 19th century was Africa. Or
Africa’s great Civ – start at south Africa

6. The Scramble for Africa
Until 1880’s only the coastlines of Africa had been colonized or explored
Gold, ivory and slaves had been taken from these colonies
The slave trade ended in the in the 1800’s but European powers now had control of most of the African coast
The Scramble for Africa

7. Internal Reasons for Imperialism
African nations lacked unity
No common language
Lack of common culture
Wars between different groups
Lack of technology
Guns germs steel

8. Rules for the Colonization of Africa
In 1884 European powers trying to colonize Africa were coming into conflict.
To avoid further conflict 14 European powers set up rules for colonizing Africa.
No members of the African community were present.
The Berlin Conference

9. Results of the Conference
In 1850 most of Africa had been free.
By 1914 only Liberia and Ethiopia were free of European control.

10. Europe goes after Middle East
Ottoman Empire has difficulty adapting to the modern world
Bad leadership and military refusal to modernize
Greece and Serbia able to break away
The rest of Europe smells blood in the water

12. The British in India
Up to the 1600’s India subcontinent was ruled over by many different groups simultaneously.
The most powerful of the groups were the Mughals.

13. The British Arrive
East India Co. – Wanted to monopolize the spice trade out of India.
E.I.C. negotiate with Mughals for trade ports and build factories out of Bengal in exchange for naval support from Britain.

14. 1760 – 1887 Constant wars in India
British decide only way to stop wars is to take control
British control India by 1818
Sepoy Mutiny - Indian Revolt of

15. Why India Plantation products Indigo – dye for cloth
Coffee – south America not a big producer yet
Cotton – increased production during US civil war
Opium – traded this highly addictive drug to china for tea which was England’s favorite drink

16. China Opium Wars – mankind
Boxer Rebellion -

18. Japan Tokugawa period 250 years of eternal peace Govt ran by Shogun
Long peace
Cause well educated population
Well functioning commercial market system
Most urbanized country by 1750
Emerging capitalist system

19. American Intrusion and Meiji Restoration
Japan had been closed to westerners since 1600s
Commodore Perry 1853 – USA
Open up ports to USA or else
Japan saw what happened in China so gave in
Shogunate looses a lot of support

20. Meijie Restoration This gave Japan some time to self-help
Restore the power to the emperor (the Meiji)
Also sought to Modernize Japan
Caused a brief civil war
US preoccupied
Wanted to get into China
Ottoman empire getting weaker
US Civil War
This gave Japan some time to self-help

21. Meiji Restoration “self-strengthening” policies End old feudalism
Modern military or be conquered
End old feudalism
Samurai found jobs in military or bureaucracy
Western fascination
Sent students abroad
Universal education
women too
Industrial revolution
Peasants slip into poverty
Poor working conditions
Some riots

22. Impacts of Imperialism
Japanese-Russo War – Japan expands and Russian Tsar weakened
Japan takes Taiwan and Korea by 1910
China – falls under European sphere of influence. Weakened Emperor
Henry Puyi – 1911 ends reign
Forced industrialization in colonies
Artisans loose income
Western education spreads

23. Impacts of Imperialism
Traditional societies change
No longer subsistence farming
Women’s role change
Communities to cities
Communities to tribes
Changing religion
Deepening religious divide in India

24. Impacts of Imperialism
Introduction of private property rights
African farmers were pushed on to marginal lands
Economies all oriented to exporting raw materials (“primary produce”) and generating revenue for colonial power

25. What is Africa's political and economic status today?
When colonialism fell in the last half of the 20th century, conflict followed.
The boundaries of the colonies were artificial and did not reflect cultural identities.
For over two hundred years, Africans were not allowed to develop their own economic infrastructure or develop governments.
Consequently, when the colonies obtained freedom, military dictators often ruled. Killing wars, poverty, and disease followed.