1. The Circulatory System
The circulatory system includes the Heart, Blood Tissue and the Blood Vessels.

2. The Circulatory System-Transport
The absorption and circulation of materials throughout an organism

3. What does the circulatory system do? (What is its function?)
Delivers nutrients and oxygen to body cells.
Carries carbon dioxide and other waste products away from cells.
Movement of materials into and out of cells occurs by
diffusion (from an area of high concentration to low concentration– no energy required)
Movement also occurs by active transport (from an area of low concentration to high– this requires energy)

4. ** In general, the blood is a fluid tissue helping to maintain homeostasis for all cells in the body.
Transport of needed substances to body cells. (oxygen, amino acids, glucose, fatty acids, glycerol, salts, etc.)

5. The heart functions as a double pump beating in unison.
1. Deoxygenated blood--relatively low in oxygen
Oxygenated blood--relatively high in oxygen
** Heartbeat is stimulated by an electrochemical impulse.
Pacemaker - in the right atrium - initiates the heartbeat

6. 3. Transport of wastes from cells
3. Transport of wastes from cells. (urea, water, carbon dioxide in the form of the bicarbonate ion)
4. Helps to maintain a constant body temperature.
5. Aids the body in fighting disease.

8. Blood
Blood = a connective tissue made up of blood cells and a liquid called blood plasma.
About 7 % of your body mass
About Liters in an adult human
Men = 5.6 Liters
Women = 4.5 Liters
Pregnant woman = 5.0 Liters
The Functions of Blood
Delivers: Picks Up:
Nutrients waste  kidneys
Oxygen, Water, minerals carbon dioxide  lungs
Hormones and enzymes heat  skin
pollutants

9. The Parts of Blood Plasma =carries everything; fluid portion
2. Red Blood Cells =(RBC) gas exchange
3. White blood Cells =(WBC) fight infection
4. Platelets = clotting

10. Components of Blood

11. Blood Composition
Plasma 55% (liquid part of the blood); Blood Cells 45%

12. 55% plasma
45 %
RBC, WBC and platelets

13. Plasma- nonliving Yellow liquid (92% H2O)
8 % nutrients, salts, urea, hormones
Carries:
RBC, WBC, Platelets, Carbon dioxide, food and waste

14. BLOOD CELL TYPES Red Blood Cells: most numerous biconcave disc shaped
smaller than white blood cells, larger than platelets
no nucleus when mature
produced in the red marrow of long bones
destroyed in the liver and spleen
contain the iron protein compound HEMOGLOBIN whose chief function is to combine with oxygen and carry it to the cells

15. Red Blood Cells- living
5 million in 1 drop of blood (most common)
Shape = donut
Draw here:
Made in bone marrow
Live approximately days
Hemoglobin = oxygen containing pigment
Binds to oxygen and carries it to the cells
Gives red blood cells its red color

16. White blood cells- living
AKA- Lymphocytes or Leukocytes
White blood cells are larger than red blood cells, but there are less of them.
8000 in one drop of blood
Function of White Blood Cells
surround and digest bacteria
Attack bacteria and viruses
**Pus = WBC + dead bacteria
YouTube - White Blood Cell Chases Bacteria

17. White Blood cells
--largest blood cells--several different types
--about 8,000 per drop of blood
--most are formed in the bone marrow or in the lymph tissue
--most protect the body against diseases by forming antibodies or engulfing bacteria

18. Main White Blood Cell Types
Phagocytes-- engulf bacteria and viruses by phagocytosis
--able to leave the bloodstream
and move between the cells of
the body by squeezing through
the capillary walls

19. 2. Lymphocytes--produce antibodies which clump bacterial poisons or bacteria (antigens) (antigens--foreign substances in the body)

20. Platelets- living Bits of cells Live for approximately 10 days
Function of Platelets
creates fibrin = enzyme that helps clot blood (tiny threads seal cuts)

21. 3. Platelets
--smallest blood cells (fragments)
--150,000 to 300,000 per drop of blood
--needed for clotting

22. Clotting:
Involves a series of enzyme controlled reactions resulting in the formation of protein fibers that trap blood cells and form a clot.

23. Pacemaker-
Uses electrical impulses from wire leads inserted into the Heart.
Keeps the Heart in perfect rhythm.

26. The Human (Mammalian) Heart Structure
1. septum: muscular central wall dividing the mammalian heart into two halves
2. atria: thin walled upper heart chambers which receive blood pump blood to the ventricles
3. Ventricles: muscular thick walled chambers which pump blood from the heart -- the lower chambers
4. Valves - prevent the backward flow of blood in the heart

30. A = aorta F = left ventricle
B = pulmonary arteries G = right ventricle
C = pulmonary veins H = valve
D = left atrium I = vena cavae
E = valve J = right atrium

32. Blood Vessels 1. Arteries --carry blood away from the heart
--usually spurt blood when cut
--all except the pulmonary artery carry oxygenated blood
--thick walled and elastic
pulse: expansion and contraction of the artery walls in response to the heartbeat

34. Veins
--carry blood toward the heart
--contain valves
--closer to the body surface than the arteries
--all except the pulmonary vein carry deoxygenated blood
--thinner, less muscular and elastic than arteries
--depend upon muscle and diaphragm movements for blood flow

36. Capillaries
--most numerous vessels
--connect arteries to veins
--microscopic, one cell thick walls
--site of much exchange between the blood and the intracellular fluid (lymph) by diffusion

37. Lymph vessels
-have walls one cell thick
-present around all body cells
-Lymph composition is similar to that of blood except for the absence of RBC and some plasma proteins.
-chief site of material exchange with the tissues

38. Major lymph vessels have lymph nodes which contain phagocytic white blood cells which filter bacteria and dead cells from the lymph.
X = lymph nodes
Valves are present in some lymph vessels--aiding in the movement of the lymph.
Respiratory movements also aid lymph flow.

39. Which Way Did it Go?

40. Blood Pressure

41. Causes of HBP implicated:
1. excess sodium intake
2. stress
3. cigarettes (nicotine)
4. saturated fats
5. alcohol & caffeine
6. obesity
7. heredity & aging
No cure--may be treated by medication & diet.
"Silent killer"--millions don't know they have it