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Interactive Notebook Setup

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Presentation on theme: "Interactive Notebook Setup"— Presentation transcript:

1 Interactive Notebook Setup
1/22/2018 The Toltec and Aztec Civilizations This will be one page

2 Background The Toltec were a nomadic people who moved into southern Mexico from north Moved in around the time of the Mayan collapse in the 8th century CE Took over and expanded Mayan centers Built capital city of Tula using Mayan architectural and construction techniques Dominated Mexico between 10th and 12th century CE

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4 Background

5 Background Brought in own ideas and mixed with those of the previous inhabitants of the region and kept Mayan culture alive Most notably the Maya and the Teotihuacán Most prominent ideas brought related to military and political organizations Capital city was called Tula Lasted from around CE Developed north of Teotihuacan Located on the Tula river and near the Lerma rivers for easy communication with others

6 TULA

7 Economy As with much of the region agriculture was essential to the Toltec The primary crop and major food source was maize Maize was supplemented with beans, chili peppers, amaranth, squashes, and agave Irrigation was an essential part of Toltec agriculture due to inconsistent rainfall

8 Economy Developed impressive metal-working industry
Specialized in jewelry Established trade network which stretched from northern South America and into the American Southwest Possibly even into the Ohio and Mississippi River Valleys Traded with obsidian mined in the region for other precious materials Most notably turquoise

9 Artifacts: Pottery Brazier with skulls Duck effigy bowl Pipes
Papagayo polychrome bowl

10 Artifacts: Stone Carvings
Jaguar statue Figurines

11 Religion The Toltec were polytheistic like the other major culture of Mesoamerica Gods represented different important aspects of life that was important to the Toltec Gods represented things such as fertility, rain, water, vegetation, etc.. Continued the Mayan practice of ritual human sacrifice

12 Religion The two most important gods of the Toltec were Quetzalcoatl and Tezcatlipoca They were brother gods and responsible for creating the earth They were also thought to be eternal opposites Quetzalcoatl represented: learning, fertility, holiness, gentility, culture, philosophy, as well as good Tezcatlipoca represented: war, tyranny, and evil

13 Quetzalcoatl

14 Tezcatlipoca

15 Toltec Art and Religious Piercings
Murals Depicting gruesome battle scenes Chief Bird Warriors Piercing his own cheek for losing battle

16 Toltec Art and Religious Piercings
Strongly resembles an Aztec Eagle Warrior Ceramic Represents a Toltec priest Drawing blood as an offertory sacrifice

17 Reasons for Collapse Agriculture Conflicts Social integration
agriculture was especially sensitive to drought problem became critical with population growth Tula may have become overpopulated by 1100 climate change and decrease in precipitation may have caused many years of famine historical accounts contain many references to food problems Conflicts often coupled with stories of conflicts and battles over land, famine may have coincided with period of greatest influx of population Social integration problems of multi-ethnicity continual flow of migrants into the city caused strains migrants may have been toughened and warlike

18 The Aztecs Rise of the Aztecs Page 237-239
Aztec Religion Pages Aztec Economy Aztec Social Structure Pages Aztec Empire and Political Organization pages

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