1. Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy
tri – 3
di – 2
aero – air
an – without
glyco - sugar
Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy
ATP

2. All Living Things Need Energy!
Animals are energy consumers
What do we need energy for?
synthesis (building)
reproduction
active transport (pumping)
movement
temperature control (making heat)
Which is to say… if you don’t eat, you die… because you run out of energy.
The 2nd Law of Thermodynamics takes over!

3. Where do we get energy? Energy is stored in organic molecules
carbohydrates, fats, proteins
Animals eat these organic molecules  food
digest food to get
fuels for energy (ATP)
raw materials for building more molecules
carbohydrates, fats, proteins, nucleic acids
We eat to take in the fuels to make ATP which will then be used to help us build biomolecules and grow and move and… live!
heterotrophs = “fed by others”
vs.
autotrophs = “self-feeders”

4. Adenosine TriPhosphate
What is energy in biology?
ATP
Adenosine TriPhosphate
Whoa! HOT stuff!

5. Hydro = water Lys = to split or break
Energy!
ATP energy lies in its phosphate tails…
When the phosphates are broken apart, energy is released.
H2O
Hydrolysis = process of adding H2O to ATP to break the phosphate bonds.
Hydro = water Lys = to split or break

6. glucose + oxygen  carbon + water + energy
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Cellular respiration
breaking down food to produce ATP
in mitochondria
using oxygen
usually digesting glucose
but could be other sugars, fats, or proteins
glucose + oxygen  carbon + water + energy
dioxide
Movement of hydrogen atoms from glucose to water
C6H12O6
6O2
6CO2
6H2O
ATP  +
+ heat

7. What do we need to make energy?
The “Furnace” for making energy
mitochondria
Fuel
food
carbohydrates, fats, proteins
The Helpers
oxygen
“aerobic”
enzymes
food
ATP O2

8. Mitochondria are everywhere!!
animal cells
plant cells

9. “Burn fuels” to make energy
Combustion
making heat energy by burning fuels in one step
CO2 + H2O + heat
fuel (carbohydrates) O2
AEROBIC RESPIRATION
making ATP energy (& some heat) by burning fuels in many small steps
Movement of hydrogen atoms from glucose to water O2
ATP
Food (carbohydrates)
CO2 + H2O + ATP (+ heat)

10. ADP-ATP CYCLE 3 phosphates 2 phosphates Can’t store ATP ATP
too unstable
only used in cell that produces it
only short term energy storage
carbohydrates & fats are long term energy storage
Adenosine TRIphosphate
WORK
Adenosine DIphosphate
ADP + P
2 phosphates
A working muscle recycles over 10 million ATPs per second

11. GLYCOLYSIS = SPLITTING GLUCOSE
ATP
ATP
Pyruvic Acid
Pyruvic Acid

12. Cycles 36 times! Carbon Krebs Cycle NAD & NADH Citric Acid C C C
FAD & FADH
NAD+
NADH
ATP C
as CO2
FAD
FADH2 C C C C C C C C
Energy
NAD+
NADH
NAD+
NADH C C C C C
as CO2
ATP
ADP C C C C C
NAD+
NADH C
as CO2
Cycles 36 times!

13. Electron Transport Chain
Produces 36 ATP by bouncing electrons (e-) down the chain. e-
ATP
ATP
ATP
ATP
ATP
ATP
ATP
ATP
ATP
ATP
ATP
ATP
ATP
ATP
ATP
ATP
ATP
ATP
ATP
ATP
ATP
ATP
ATP
ATP

15. ATP with or without Oxygen!
Aerobic = with oxygen
makes ATP using O2 O2
Yeast
Anaerobic = without oxygen
makes ATP without using O2 O2
but only makes a little bit of ATP!

16. No Oxygen?...Try Fermentation! but only makes a little bit of ATP!
Fermentation (anaerobic respiration)
ALCOHOL fermentation - yeast
glucose  ATP + CO2+ alcohol
make beer, wine, bread
LACTIC ACID fermentation - bacteria, animals
glucose  ATP + lactic acid
bacteria make yogurt
animals feel muscle fatigue O2
but only makes a little bit of ATP!

17. TEST TIPS!
Some topics like the Krebs Cycle can be overwhelming to study. Try drawing and labeling them with words that make sense to you.
TEST TIPS!
TEST TIPS!
TEST TIPS!