1. The Hydrophere: Fresh and salt water
UNIT 3.
The Hydrophere: Fresh and salt water

2. Rivers
A moving stream of water that flows into an ocean, sea or another river.
The flow of a river is the amount of water it carries.
It comes from precipitation, springs or melting ice and snow.
It could be different depend on the part of the year (the river doesn´t have the same amount of water in summer than winter).

3. A river has a regular water flow when the same amount of water flows thrughout the year.
An irregular water flow is when the amount of water varies a lot from one season to another.

4. It flows from its source to the river mouth

5. Some flow into another river (tributary)

6. Homework
Activity 2 page 47

7. Landforms related to rivers

8. Valley

9. Gorges

10. Ravine

11. The 3 waterfalls in the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone
Salto del Ángel, Venezuela
The 3 waterfalls in the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone

12. Canyon

13. When flow moves fast, they are called rapids

14. Would you like to be in these rapids?

15. Alluvial plain/floodplain

16. Estuary

17. Delta

18. 3. Lakes, groundwater and glaciers

19. Lakes
Lakes are permanent masses of water that have accumulated in inland basins. Most contain fresh water. If they contein salt water we call them inland sea.
The water comes from rain, rivers or groundwater.

21. In the Great Lakes we can find 21% of the fresh water on Earth
They are conected to the Atlantic Ocean through Niagara Falls and the Saint Lawrence River

22. Dead Sea in Palestine, the deepest salt water lake on Earth
Dead Sea in Palestine, the deepest salt water lake on Earth. Watch this interesting video

23. The Aral Sea Kazakhstan/Uzbekistan

25. Watch these two videos that explain what is happening in the Aral region
Questions video Nº 1
Questions video Nº 2
What percentage of water has been lost in the Aral Sea?
What is it happening with the seabed of the sea?
What happened to the rivers that contributed to the Aral Sea?
Which consequences did the decrease in water had on biodiversity and on the inhabitants of the region?
What is causing desertification in the region?
Why farming is being affecting by the sandstorms?
When did the Aral sea started to retreat?
What happend in 1989 in the Aral Sea?
Why did the water of the Aral Sea become salty?
What happened with the animals that were eating the grass on the shore of the Aral Sea?
When the water came back to the region? How?
What nationalities were living in Aral when Marzhan was a child? Why did they leave the town?

26. Groundwater

27. It is water stored beneath the Earth´s surface.
Almost ¼ of the Earth´s fresh water.
Most cames from precipitation filtering through the soil and forming large store of underground water called an aquifer.
Vocabulary: source, beneath, vulnerable, aquifer, well, overuse, damp

29. Glaciers

30. Masses of ice created by the accumulation of snow.
They are near the poles and on high mountains.
Coastal glaciers break up and form icebergs (masses of floating ice).

33. Iceberg

34. Differences
Copy in your notebook the differences between glaciers and icebergs

35. 4. Oceans and Seas

36. Oceans: huge masses of water that sorround the continents.
Seas: smaller than oceans and partly enclosed by land

37. Important rivers

38. Activity 1 and 3 page 48

39. Europe´s rivers You can practise in this link

40. The rivers on the Iberian Peninsula
Here you have the most important.
You should know the ones you can see in page 51 of your book.
You can practise in this link