1. Animal Science

2. What is Animal Science?
Care, management and production of domestic animals
Animals used for food, clothing & tools
What was the first domesticated animal?
Dog for tracking, then herding

3. Domestication-Fun Facts
After animals become domesticated, they become dependent on man
Most can’t survive in wild
Most poultry can’t fly
Sheep don’t shed wool
Cows produce 20,000 lbs milk / year
Birds produce 250 eggs / yr. (20 in wild)

4. Animal Use as Food
Meat - (muscle tissue) Beef, Pork, Lamb, Goat, Poultry
Most efficient way to get protein
Only way to harvest some natural resources like grass

5. Animal Use as Food Milk - inexpensive source of protein
Cheese, ice cream, yogurt
Eggs - pastries, mayonnaise, custards

6. Animal Use as By-Products
Bones - buttons, glue, mineral supplement for livestock feed (Calcium)
Fat - chemicals, salves, creams, dressings, lubricants, soaps, food
Glands - medicines, food additives
Collagen - (connective tissue in joints) glue & gelatin
Intestinal & Stomach tissue - lunch meats, surgical sutures, strings for musical & sports instruments (contents = fertilizer)

7. Animals Use as Work
Cultivate land
Transportation

8. Control other animals
Assist physically & mentally
handicapped
Rehabilitation of disabled

9. Other Animal Use Hides - leather Hair - wool, mohair, fiber
Lab Animals - mice, rats, guinea pigs etc.
Pets

10. What is the future of Animal Science?
Embryo Transplant - can produce 20 calves from one cow per year
Cloning - using an animal cell to grow an identical duplicate animal
Animal “Pharming” – producing animals to produce drugs and chemicals

11. Terminology of Animal Science
Cow- a female bovine that has had offspring
Bull- a male bovine capable of reproducing
Heifer- a young female bovine that has not had offspring
Steer- a castrated male bovine
Calf- a young bovine (less than 30 mo)
Calve- the act of giving birth to a calf

12. Terminology of Animal Science
Wean- to remove a young animal from it’s mother
Colostrum- nutrient rich milk from the mother following birth
Lactation- the period when a female produces milk after a birth
Freshen- when a female produces milk prior to giving birth
Cull- the act of removing unproductive animals from a group

13. Terminology of Animal Science
Sow- a female hog that has given birth
Boar- a male hog capable of breeding
Gilt- a young female porcine
Barrow- a young male porcine
Piglets- very young porcine
Farrow- the act of giving birth to piglets
Litter- a group of piglets born at one time

14. Terminology of Animal Science
Ewe- a female sheep that has lambed
Ram- a male sheep also known as buck
Ewe lamb- a young female ovine
Whether- a castrated male ovine
Lamb- a young ovine
Lambing- the act of giving birth to lambs
Dock- the act of removing the tail of a young lamb

15. Terminology of Animal Science
Mutton- the meat of sheep animals
Shearing- the act of removing wool or mohair from an animal
Wool- natural fiber produced by ovines
Mohair- a less textured hair usually harvested from goats for fiber
Cashmere- a valuable hair from cashmere goats

16. Terminology of Animal Science
Doe- a female goat that has reproduced, also called a nanny
Buck- a male goat capable of reproducing
Kid- a young caprine
Kidding- the act of giving birth to young caprine
Chevon- a goat grown for meat

17. Terminology of Animal Science
Mare- an adult female horse
Stallion- a male horse capable of reproducing also called a stud
Gelding- a castrated male equine
Foal- a young equine
Colt- a young male equine
Filly- a young female equine
Draft- a horse produced for work

18. Terminology of Animal Science
Hen- a female chicken
Rooster- a male chicken also known as a cock
Capon- a castrated male rooster
Clutch- a set of eggs being hatched
Molt- the act of losing feathers
Layers- poultry used to produce eggs
Fryers- poultry used for meat

19. Terminology of Animal Science
Pedigree- tracking the ancestors of an animal
Breed- a variety of animal with specific traits
Breed Association- a group of producers that ensure breed traits
Commodity Group- a group of producers producing a similar product

20. Anatomy and Physiology
Skeletal System
Made of bone and cartilage
Gives the animal structure and flexibility
Protects the organs of the animal
Joints use tendons and ligaments
Marrow in bones produces red blood cells

21. Anatomy and Physiology
Muscular System
Provides movement for animal and supports life
Keeps blood flowing and cells living
Helps with digestion of food
Provides a proteins source for humans
Voluntary and involuntary, smooth and striated, and red and white

22. Anatomy and Physiology
Circulatory System
Heart and blood vessels
Arteries and Veins
Provides oxygen and nutrients to each individual cell
Removes wastes from the cells

23. A Blue Whale’s heart is the same size as a VW Bug??
DID YOU KNOW….

24. Anatomy and Physiology
Respiratory System
Consists of lungs and airways
Provides necessary oxygen to bloodstream
Removes carbon dioxide from the bloodstream

25. Anatomy and Physiology
Nervous and Endocrine Systems
Nervous system is brain, spinal cord, nerves and nerve endings
Endocrine system is series of glands that secrete hormones
Hormones have chemical effect on body organs

26. Anatomy and Physiology
Digestive System
Provides the bloodstream with necessary nutrients to deliver to cells
Breaks food into basic nutrients to be used by the body
Removes unneeded products
Can be simple (monogastric) or ruminant (polygastric)

27. Anatomy and Physiology
Digestive System- Simple
Human, Pig, Dog, Horse, Birds
Animal ingests food
Food is chemically broken down into elements by acid in the stomach
Elements are absorbed by intestines
Waste is excreted

28. Anatomy and Physiology
Digestive System- Ruminant
Cow, Sheep, Goats, Deer
Animal ingests food
Rumen ferments cellulosic fiber
Reticulum filters contents
Omasum extracts water in layers
Abomasum is true stomach where chemical breakdown takes place

29. Anatomy and Physiology
Reproductive System
Ovaries and testes produce cells
Female cells are called eggs or ovum
Male cells are called sperm
Animals mate and cells are combined
Each sex cell contributes one half of offspring’s DNA

30. Pregnancy- carrying a fetus
Fertilization-the union of the egg and sperm nuclei
Conception- Occurrence of fertilization
Ovulation- Release of an ovule from the female
Gestation- The time from fertilization or conception of a female until she gives birth

31. Animal Reproduction Estrous Cycle The cycle of a female producing eggs
Can be monoestrous or polyestrous
Artificial Insemination
Placing sperm from male into female
Embryo Transfer
Fertilizing many eggs from one female and placing them in host females

32. Animal Reproduction Pure Breeding Breeding specific breeds to the same
Usually registered with an association
Cross Breeding
Mixing breeds for desirable traits
Grading Up
Breeding purebreds to commercial animals to increase value of offspring