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RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
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The respiratory system
Two separate parts: Airways Nasal cavity Pharynx Larynx Trachea (windpipe) Bronchi Bronchioles Lungs
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Questions... in groups! Which gasses are exchanged in the lungs?
What characteristics must air have when it reaches the lungs? Is respiration the same as cellular respiration? Why?
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The airways Nasal cavity: Pharynx
Many capillaries, 3 outgrowths (conchae) and mucus Warms, purifies and moistens the air Pharynx Tonsils protect us against pathogens
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The airways Larynx Trachea Starts at the epiglottis
Vocal cords are here Cartilage keeps it from collapsing Trachea Cartilage keeps it open Mucus trap particles in the air Cilia moves the mucus up and into the pharynx cilia
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The lungs Lungs are sponge-like organs
Bronchi (with cartilage) and bronchioles (no cartilage) Lungs are sponge-like organs Alveoli gas exchange taskes place here
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Gas exchange Inside the lungs Alveoli
Right lung: 3 lobes. Left lung: 2 lobes Surrounded by the pleura Why? Alveoli only 2 layers of cells facilitates gas diffusion Surrounded by a lot of capillaries
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Pulmonary respiration (16X/min = 8 L/min)
Allows for a continuous renewal of the air Muscles: diafragm and intercostal muscles 2 steps: Inhalation: Diafragm flattens and moves down Intercostal muscles move up and out Exhalation: Diafragm curves and moves up Intercostal muscles move down and in
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How to keep a healthy respiratory system
Do not smoke Avoid dramatic changes in temperature Stay active! Avoid exposure to dust and particles in suspension
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Respiratory system illnesses
Infectious Flu: viral infection. Cold: infection of the nasal cavity. Non infectious Hoarseness: inflammation of the vocal chords. Sinusitis: inflammation of the nasal cavity. Allergic rhinitis. Asthma: contraction of bronchi and excessive mucus. Bronchitis: irritation of the mucosa in the bronchi. Pulmonary emphysema: breakage of the alveoli. Pleuresy: inflammation of the pleura. Lung & throat cancer Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): destruction of pulmonary tissue.
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