1. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

2. The respiratory system
Two separate parts:
Airways
Nasal cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
(windpipe)
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Lungs

3. Questions... in groups! Which gasses are exchanged in the lungs?
What characteristics must air have when it reaches the lungs?
Is respiration the same as cellular respiration? Why?

4. The airways Nasal cavity: Pharynx
Many capillaries, 3 outgrowths (conchae) and mucus
Warms, purifies and moistens the air
Pharynx
Tonsils protect us
against pathogens

5. The airways Larynx Trachea Starts at the epiglottis
Vocal cords are here
Cartilage keeps it from collapsing
Trachea
Cartilage keeps it open
Mucus trap particles in the air
Cilia  moves the mucus up and into the pharynx
cilia

7. The lungs Lungs are sponge-like organs
Bronchi (with cartilage) and
bronchioles (no cartilage)
Lungs are sponge-like organs
Alveoli  gas exchange taskes place here

8. Gas exchange Inside the lungs Alveoli
Right lung: 3 lobes. Left lung: 2 lobes
Surrounded by the pleura
Why?
Alveoli
only 2 layers of cells  facilitates gas diffusion
Surrounded by a lot of capillaries

9. Pulmonary respiration (16X/min = 8 L/min)
Allows for a continuous renewal of the air
Muscles: diafragm and intercostal muscles
2 steps:
Inhalation:
Diafragm flattens and moves down
Intercostal muscles move up and out
Exhalation:
Diafragm curves and moves up
Intercostal muscles move down and in

10. How to keep a healthy respiratory system
Do not smoke
Avoid dramatic changes in temperature
Stay active!
Avoid exposure to dust and
particles in suspension

11. Respiratory system illnesses
Infectious
Flu: viral infection.
Cold: infection of the nasal cavity.
Non infectious
Hoarseness: inflammation of the vocal chords.
Sinusitis: inflammation of the nasal cavity.
Allergic rhinitis.
Asthma: contraction of bronchi and excessive mucus.
Bronchitis: irritation of the mucosa in the bronchi.
Pulmonary emphysema: breakage of the alveoli.
Pleuresy: inflammation of the pleura.
Lung & throat cancer
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): destruction of pulmonary tissue.