1. Evidence to Support Evolution
Honors ninth grade science

2. Warm up…
1. Use the diagram and explain the process of natural selection.

3. Examples of Natural Selection: Sickle cell Anemia Peppered Moth

4. Pace of Evolution GRADUALISM: Evolution occurs slowly
Many transitions occur
PUNCTUATED EQUILIBRIUM:
Evolution occurs in quick bursts
Many periods of no change

6. Evidence to Support Evolution

7. 1. Fossils Trace of a dead organism Organisms buried in moist area
Minerals in bone are replaced
Soft tissues don’t often fossilize
Age determined by radiometric dating

8. 2. Comparative Embryology
Vertebrates are similar in early developmental stages
Differences accumulate during development
Development instructions are added to instructions inherited from ancestors.

9. 2. Comparative Embryology

10. 3. Transitional Forms Intermediates between old and new species
Ex: modern horse descended from dog-sized animal with multiple toes

11. Transitional Forms Fish to Amphibians

12. Transitional Forms Reptiles to Birds

13. Transitional Forms Land Mammals to Aquatic Mammals

14. 4. Homologous Structures
Structures with a common ancestry
Modified versions of structures from other organisms
Ex: bones in appendages

15. 4. Homologous Structures

16. 5. Vestigial Structures No present function
Remnants of an organism’s past; previously served a function
Ex: human appendix-may once have been used for digestion
Ex: whale’s pelvis-not needed for swimming, is needed for walking

17. 5. Vestigial Structures

18. NOW…
SciChat

19. Warm up…
What are some things that could be pieces of evidence that would support the idea that evolution has happened?

20. 6. DNA and Proteins DNA makes proteins
Evolutionary history is held in the DNA sequence
If species change, their DNA changes
Closely related organisms share DNA similarities
Ex: humans and chimps share 98% DNA

21. 6. DNA and Proteins Human-Human=99.5% similar
Human-Chimpanzee=98% similar
Human-Cat=90% similar
Human-Cow=80% similar
Human-Mouse=75% similar
(90% analogous regions)
Human-Chicken=60% similar
Human-Fruit Fly=60% similar

22. Warm up…
Did any individual Peppered moth change its color during its lifetime?
Why? (or why not?)
Explain the change from light colored to dark colored moths.
36:15

23. Now… Quick Check-15 minutes-you know it or you don’t
Peppered Moth Graph
This MUST be finished TODAY
Graded TODAY and returned for the questions TOMORROW
Work time

24. Warm up…
What is the difference between an independent variable and a dependent variable?
Explain the steps of Natural Selection.
How does antibiotic resistance show natural selection?

25. Check yours… X Transitional Vestigial DNA Fossils Embryology
Homologous
Transitional
Vestigial
Embryology
DNA
Fossils
Gill Slits… X
Forelimbs…
DNA…
Archaeopteryx…
Whale pelvis…
Common ancestor…
Modern horse…

26. Check yours…
2. UNDERLINE each of these terms or ideas (not the descriptions)
Overproduction
Inherited variation
Struggle to survive
Successful reproduction
Adaptation of the species
3. Underline your example
Underline each piece of natural selection you used to defend it

28. Transitional Forms Activity
Turn to pages in the GREEN textbook.
Read about the transitional forms of the whale.
In your notes, describe what scientists think the ancient ancestor the modern whale was like.

29. NOW… Watch the Sickle Cell Anemia Video
Read the Sickle Cell Anemia Article
Use the information to complete the FRONT of the Natural Selection Examples sheet

30. Warm up… Watch the Peppered Moth video
Complete the BACK of the Natural Selection Examples sheet you received yesterday
(We will do antibiotic resistance in another class period)

31. Examples of Natural Selection: Sickle cell Anemia Peppered Moth

32. Which is NOT homologous & Why?A
Human
Lizard
Octopus B
Bird
Whale
Grasshopper
Lizard
Human