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What is it that makes up an atom?

Published byRamiro Tweedy Modified over 10 years ago

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Presentation on theme: "What is it that makes up an atom?"— Presentation transcript:

1 What is it that makes up an atom?
Essential Question Biochemistry What is it that makes up an atom?

2 description of shape, mass, volume melting point, boiling point
Biochemistry Matter Properties physical property description of shape, mass, volume melting point, boiling point chemical property structure of molecules which make up substance how substance reacts with another

3 a substance that can not be broken down into a simpler substance
Biochemistry Matter Elements element a substance that can not be broken down into a simpler substance 25 elements are essential to life CHNOPS – 6 greatest

4 Biochemistry Matter atom smallest particle of an element that has the characteristics of that element

5 center, contains neutrons & protons neutrons mass (1.009u)
Biochemistry Atoms atom structure nucleus center, contains neutrons & protons neutrons mass (1.009u) carries no charge, neutral = n0 protons (1.007u) carries a positive charge = p+

6 Atoms atom structure electron (5.486 x 10-4u) electrons carry
Biochemistry Atoms atom structure electron (5.486 x 10-4u) electrons carry a negative charge = e-

7 electrons orbit nucleus in separate energy levels or clouds
Biochemistry Atoms atom structure electron electrons orbit nucleus in separate energy levels or clouds

8 Biochemistry Atoms

9 total mass of protons, neutrons, & electrons atomic symbol
Biochemistry Atoms periodic table atomic number number of protons atomic mass total mass of protons, neutrons, & electrons atomic symbol 1or 2 letter symbol for element symbol

10 Essential Question How are covalent and ionic bonds different?
Biochemistry How are covalent and ionic bonds different? What is an example of each?

11 two or more atoms chemically bonded together
Biochemistry chemical bonds chemical bond two or more atoms chemically bonded together ex: oxygen gas, water, glucose molecular formula uses atomic symbols to represent atoms bound together in a compound ex: O2, H2O, C6H12O6

12 ex: water, sugars, proteins ionic bond
Biochemistry chemical bonds covalent bond atoms share electrons ex: water, sugars, proteins ionic bond attractive force between ions of opposite charge

13 Biochemistry chemical bonds covalent bond ionic bond

14 Essential Question What ions are released by
Biochemistry What ions are released by an acid in water? By a base?

15 Mixtures and solutions mixture
Biochemistry Mixtures and solutions mixture combination of substances in which individuals retain individual properties ex: mixed sugar and sand, oil and water solution mixture of one or more solutes are evenly distributed in a solvent ex: salt in water

16 Mixtures and solutions solution solute
Biochemistry Mixtures and solutions solution solute substance which dissolves ex: sugar solvent holds dissolved substance ex: water the greater the solute = greater the concentration

17 Acids and bases pH acid base Biochemistry
measure of how acidic or basic a solution is acid forms hydrogen ions (H+) in water pH below 7 base forms hydroxide ions (OH-) in water pH above 7

18 Biochemistry Acids and bases

19 molecule with uneven distribution of charge
Biochemistry Water polar molecule molecule with uneven distribution of charge water is polar, O atom pulls e-’s from H atoms

20 Biochemistry Water hydrogen bond weak attraction between hydrogen and oxygen atoms in different molecules

21 water resists temperature change water expands when it freezes
Biochemistry Water properties of water water resists temperature change water expands when it freezes cohesion water molecules attracted to each other adhesion water molecules attracted to sides of container

22 water resists temperature change
Biochemistry Water properties of water water resists temperature change

23 water expands when it freezes
Biochemistry Water properties of water water expands when it freezes

24 Water molecules attracted to each other
Biochemistry Water cohesion Water molecules attracted to each other

25 Water molecules attracted to sides of container
Biochemistry Water adhesion Water molecules attracted to sides of container

26 compounds with same number elements but different structure
Biochemistry More compounds isomer compounds with same number elements but different structure

27 Small molecule that can be bound to other monomers to form polymers
Biochemistry More compounds monomer Small molecule that can be bound to other monomers to form polymers polymer larger molecule formed from smaller subunits

28 Small molecule that can be bound to other monomers to form polymers
Biochemistry More compounds monomer Small molecule that can be bound to other monomers to form polymers polymer larger molecule formed from smaller subunits

29 larger molecule formed from smaller subunits
Biochemistry More compounds polymer larger molecule formed from smaller subunits

30 Biochemistry More compounds polymer

31 used by cells to store and release energy 1:2:1 C:H:O
Biochemistry Macromolecules carbohydrates used by cells to store and release energy 1:2:1 C:H:O ex: glucose C6H12O6

32 Macromolecules carbohydrates monomer → polymer monosaccharide
Biochemistry Macromolecules carbohydrates monomer → polymer monosaccharide glucose, fructose disaccharide sucrose polysaccharide cellulose, glycogen

33 Macromolecules carbohydrates monomer → polymer monomer polymer
Biochemistry Macromolecules carbohydrates monomer → polymer monomer polymer monosaccharide glucose, fructose disaccharide sucrose polysaccharide cellulose, glycogen

34 Biochemistry Macromolecules carbohydrates monosaccharides

35 Biochemistry Macromolecules carbohydrates disaccharides

36 Biochemistry Macromolecules carbohydrates polysaccharides verbascose

37 What are the components of a
Essential Question Biochemistry What are the components of a lipid and of a protein?

38 used for energy storage, insulation, protection
Biochemistry Macromolecules lipids used for energy storage, insulation, protection ex fats, waxes and oils nonpolar, does not dissolve in water contains CHO

39 Biochemistry Macromolecules lipids glycerol head 3 fatty acid tails

40 Biochemistry Macromolecules lipids glycerol head 3 fatty acid tails

41 large proportion of C–H bonds saturated fats
Biochemistry Macromolecules lipids large proportion of C–H bonds saturated fats C atoms in tail all have single (C–C) bonds unsaturated fats C at least 1 double bond (C=C) in tail

42 Biochemistry Macromolecules lipids

43 used for growth, maintenance, and repair
Biochemistry Macromolecules Proteins used for growth, maintenance, and repair used as structure for tissues and organs contain CHON

44 formed using peptide bonds (covalent bond)
Biochemistry Macromolecules proteins polymer of amino acids formed using peptide bonds (covalent bond)

45 Biochemistry Macromolecules proteins amino acids (monomer)

46 Macromolecules proteins peptide bonds bond between amino acids
Biochemistry Macromolecules proteins peptide bonds bond between amino acids

47 Biochemistry Macromolecules proteins

48 Biochemistry Macromolecules proteins

49 increase rate of metabolic reactions
Biochemistry Macromolecules proteins enzyme increase rate of metabolic reactions induced fit (lock and key) mechanism

50 induced fit (lock and key)
Biochemistry Macromolecules proteins enzyme induced fit (lock and key)

51 stores cellular information polymer of nucleotides contains CHONP
Biochemistry Macromolecules nucleic acids stores cellular information polymer of nucleotides contains CHONP

52 genetic information for whole cell RNA copies DNA to form protein
Biochemistry Macromolecules nucleic acids DNA genetic information for whole cell RNA copies DNA to form protein

53 polymer of nucleotides
Biochemistry Macromolecules nucleic acids polymer of nucleotides

54 Biochemistry Macromolecules nucleic acids

55 Biochemistry Reactions chemical equations 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O

56 Reactions chemical equations 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O products reactantants
Biochemistry Reactions chemical equations 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O products reactantants

57 # of atoms on each side of reaction must be balanced
Biochemistry Reactions chemical equations 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O # of atoms on each side of reaction must be balanced coefficients must be balanced __ C6H12O6 → C12H22O11 + H2O

58 dehydration synthesis (condensation reaction)
Biochemistry Reactions chemical equations dehydration synthesis (condensation reaction) two subunits make polymer water is released 2C6H12O6 → C12H22O11 + H2O

59 dehydration synthesis
Biochemistry Reactions chemical equations dehydration synthesis

60 Reactions chemical equations hydrolysis H2O splits bond
Biochemistry Reactions chemical equations hydrolysis H2O splits bond two subunits created C12H22O11 + H2O → 2C6H12O6

61 Biochemistry Reactions chemical equations hydrolysis

62 lowers activation energy acts as catalysts, speeds up rate of reaction
Biochemistry Reactions enzymes lowers activation energy acts as catalysts, speeds up rate of reaction induced fit model (lock and key)

63 changed after released by enzyme enzyme active site
Biochemistry Reactions enzymes substrate changed after released by enzyme enzyme active site where substrate binds to enzyme can be used over and over

64 Biochemistry Reactions enzymes

65 Biochemistry Reactions enzymes

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