1. January 2, 2018 Happy New Years!
New Year new mind set! 
Please pick up handouts at the front

2. Copy these key terms down on your chart
Industrialization
Cottage Industry
Crop rotation
Enclosure movement
Urbanization
Tenements
Labor union

3. The Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution

4. Industrialization
When a region or country’s economy goes from being based on agriculture (farming) to being based on mechanized manufacturing (factories)

5. Revolutions Industrial Revolution
England, United States, France have all had political revolutions
This new type of revolution changes the way people live and work
Begins in Britain in the mid- 1700s
Mostly refers to how machines helped people do their jobs faster
Huge impact on society
Revolutions
Political Revolutions
Industrial Revolution

6. Starts with Agriculture
What’s agriculture?
England in the early 1700s was covered in small farms
Mostly cottage industry  business/manufacturing at home
Wealthy landowners start buying up smaller farms and create large farms
Built fences and hedges around these properties – called enclosures
Starts with Agriculture

7. Enclosures Allowed farmers to work bigger fields Two results
Merged smaller fields into one larger one
Allowed farmers to experiment with new planting and harvesting methods
Two results
Rapid increase in productivity
Forced small farmers to become tenant farmers or leave farms altogether for cities
Enclosures

8. Improved farming methods
Jethro Tull’s Seed Drill
machine that drills small holes in the ground to make sure seeds can germinate  huge increase in crop yields
Crop Rotation
Switching different types of crops to group every year  restored nutrients to soil
This proves to be a huge boost to agricultural productivity

9. Improved farming methods
Livestock
Better breeding practices & increase crop  increase meat production
More crops, more meat = healthier people
Healthier people = MORE people
From 1700 to 1786 the average weight of a lamb went from 18 to 50 pounds as a result

10. Population explosion More people  more demand for manufactured goods
Clothes, household goods, tools, etc
3 Reasons helped Britain industrialize 1st
Natural resources
Strong economic system (banking, etc)
Political stability

11. Natural Resources Rivers, coal, iron ore
Water power (rivers) & coal to fuel factories
Iron ore to construct machines
Rivers for inland transportation
Harbors that could handle trading ships

12. Economic resources Stable banking system
Farmers and businessmen could take out loans (unheard of in much of the world)
Lots of trade overseas (India, United States, other British colonies in Africa and Asia)
Overall good feelings made people very positive about the future

13. Political stability
Britain involved in many wars in the 1700s  none were fought on British soil
Military success led population to believe in the future of Britain
Not an absolute monarchy  Parliament passed laws that protected business ventures

14. Inventions
New machines were invented that revolutionized Britain’s textile industry
1733 – a flying shuttle  help weavers access wool faster
1764 – spinning jenny  allowed weavers to weave numerous threads at one time
flying shuttle
spinning jenny

15. 1769 – water frame  give power to the spinning jenny
1779 – both combined into a spinning mule, created much stronger thread
1787 – power loom  weave fabric faster than ever
spinning mule
power loom

16. Factories
First ones were built by rivers since they needed water power to run looms, water frames, etc.
These factories (or mills) needed more cotton
Britain becomes dependent on cotton from US
Eli Whitney (US) invents the cotton gin which separates out seeds from cotton
Cotton production in US goes from 1.5 million pounds in 1790 to 85 million pounds in just 20 years

17. Transportation James Watt (Scotland) invents a steam engine in 1765
Steam ship invented by Robert Fulton (American) using Watt’s engine
First steamship carried passengers on the Hudson River in New York in 1807
Canals start being built all over England
Over 4000 miles of canals in England by – goods transported by steam boats or horse drawn barges all across England

18. canals
Man-made waterway created to allow for ships to come inland

19. Transportation macadam
McAdam (Scotland) invents a technique of laying huge rocks in the ground, and covering them with finely crushed rock  paved roads
Private businessmen start to build roads and charge people to use them – toll roads, or turnpikes become common in England
macadam

20. Richard Trevithick (England) invents a steam locomotive (train) in 1804
George Stephenson builds the first railroad line in 1821 – for coal miners
Coal could be ship across the country
Railway age begins

21. Liverpool-Manchester railway line built in 1829
First run was a 13-ton load pulled by Stephenson’s locomotive at the breakneck speed of 
21 mph

22. Railways revolutionize Britain
Manufacturers could ship goods faster and cheaply across the country
Hundreds of thousands of new jobs for coal miners and railway workers
Agriculture and fishing industries took off since they could ship their goods all over
People living in the country could take jobs in cities