1. Section 2-Polling Question
Which part of a culture defines it the most?
A. Religion
B. Education
C. Family roles A B C

2. Chapter 5 Growth of the Thirteen Colonies (1607-1770)
Section 2 Government, Religion, Culture

3. Essential Question
In what ways was an American culture developing during the colonial Period?
In what ways was an American culture developing during the colonial period?

4. Trouble in England Charles II was king
Many people were not satisfied with his rule
James II, Charles successor, tried to take powers back
Parliament had taken some away during the English Civil War
Also wanted to tighten control of the colonies
1688 Parliament forced out James and replaced him with his daughter Mary and her Dutch husband, William of Orange
The change demonstrated the power of the elected representatives over the monarch
Known as the Glorious Revolution
William and Mary signed the English Bill of Rights in 1689
Gave basic rights to all citizens

5. England’s View of it’s Colonies
An economic resource that should provide raw materials (lumber)
English manufacturers used these resources to produce finished goods
Then sold them back to the colonists
This is an economic theory called mercantilism
The theory states that as a nation’s trade grows, its gold reserves increase and the nation then becomes more powerful
England had to export more than it imported
CLASS NOTES

6. To Ensure England Benefited
Parliament passed several laws from the Navigation Acts directed trade between England and the Colonies
Made colonists use ships made in England or the Colonies
Prevented Colonists from shipping certain products (tobacco and sugar) outside of England’s empire
Colonists accepted these laws, but later resented them
Wanted to make and sell their own manufactured goods where they could get higher prices
Colonists ignored these laws and began smuggling with other nations
CLASS NOTES

7. Colonial Governments
Colonists had ideas about government when they arrived
Political liberties like trial by jury, limited government, and representative government
They believed that government was not all powerful
First appeared in the Magna Carta-established limited government
Included: protection against unfair punishment
Protected against the loss of life, liberty, and property
CLASS NOTES

8. Colonial Government
As the colonies grew, town meetings grew into small governments
Made local laws
By the 1760’s there were three types of Colonies in America
Charter Colonies
Proprietary Colonies
Royal Colonies
All three elect their lower house representatives
CLASS NOTES

9. Charter Colonies Connecticut and Rhode Island
Given a charter to establish a colony
Colonists elected their own governor and members of the legislature
Great Britain had the right to approve the governor
The governor could not veto the acts of the legislature

10. Proprietary Colony Delaware, Maryland, and Pennsylvania
Ruled by proprietors (owners)
Free to rule as they wish
Proprietors appointed the governor and members of the upper house of the legislature
Colonists elected the lower house

11. Royal Colonies
By 1760’s- Georgia, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia
Britain directly ruled
King appointed a governor and council (Upper House)
Colonists elected the Lower House
Governor and council usually did what British leaders told them to do
Often led to conflict with the colonists in the assembly
Most when officials tried to enforce tax laws and trade restrictions

12. Voting Rights Only some people had voting rights
Generally, white men who owned property
In spite of limits, the proportion of people involved in government was higher in the colonies
80-90% higher

13. Great Awakening
A religious revival through the colonies from the 1720’s-1740’s
New England and Middle Colonies ministers called for “a new birth”
Leaders were Jonathon Edwards and George Whitefield
Led to the formation of many new churches
CLASS NOTES

14. Family Roles Men were the head of the household
Men worked in the fields, built barns, houses, and fences
Sons could be indentured servants or apprentices
Women ran the household and cared for the children
Many worked in the fields with their husbands
Married women had few rights
Unmarried women might work for wealthy families as a maid
Widows might be teachers, nurses, or seamstresses
Widows or unmarried could run business and own property
Women could not vote

15. Education Parents taught children to read and write
New England and Pennsylvania set up schools to learn to read and study the Bible
1647- Massachusetts Puritans passed a public education law
Each community with 50 or more homes were required to have a school
By New England had a high literacy rate (85% of men)
Night schools were set up for apprentices
Colleges were set up to train ministers
Puritans set up Harvard in 1626

16. The Enlightenment
Many educated people were influenced by the Enlightenment
Based on the idea that knowledge, reason, and science could improve society
Interest in science increased
People observed nature, staged experiments, and published findings
Best known American scientist was Ben Franklin
CLASS NOTES

17. Freedom of Press
1735- John Peter Zenger of the New York Weekly Journal was charged with libel
Printed a critical report about the royal governor of New York
Zenger’s lawyer (Andrew Hamilton) argued that freedom of speech was a basic English right
Hamilton told the jury to make their decision on whether Zenger printed the truth, not whether it was offensive
Jury found Zenger not guilty
Important step in the development of a free press in America

18. Distinct religious and educational ideas contributed to the culture
Essential Question
In what ways was an American culture developing during the colonial period?
- The colonists adopted ideas of limited government and representative government.
Distinct religious and educational ideas contributed to the culture
Family was the basis of society
Interest in science and invention grew
Freedom of press was defended
In what ways was an American culture developing during the colonial Period?