2. DASAR ANALISIS Pertemuan 4 Murniadi Purboatmodjo
Matakuliah : F Analisis Laporan Keuangan Perusahaan
Tahun : 2009
DASAR ANALISIS Pertemuan 4 Murniadi Purboatmodjo

3. ANALISIS RASIO expressed in % or as times per period - Liquidity
Measures a firm’s ability to meet its current obligations
- Leverage (borrowing capacity)
Measures the degree of protector for long-term creditors
- Profitability
Measures the earning ability of a firm
- Investor-focused
- Cash flow
Indicate liquidity, borrowing capacity, and profitability

4. ANALISIS RASIO (cont’)
- Interpreted in comparison with
Prior ratios
Competitor ratios
Industry ratios
Predetermined standards

5. Analisis Common size (Verikal-Horisontal)
The use of percentages is usually preferable to the use of absolute amounts
Vertical analysis
All amounts of a year expressed as a percentage of a base amount (e.g., net sales revenue, total assets)
Horizontal analysis
Amounts for comparative years are expressed as a percentage of the base year amount

6. ANALISIS VERTIKAL
Each financial statement element is presented as a percentage of a designated base.

7. ANALISIS HORISONTAL
Each financial statement element is presented as a percentage of a base amount from a selected year.

8. ANALISIS HORISONTAL (cont’)
Year-to-Year Change Analysis:
Use both absolute and percentages
Guidelines:
When an item has value in the base year and none in the next period, the decrease is 100%
A meaningful percent change cannot be computed when one number is positive and the other number is negative
A percent change is incomputable when there is no figure for the base year.

9. ANALISIS HORISONTAL (cont’)
Contoh:
Change Analysis
Item Year Year Amount Percent
Advertising Expense $ 20, $ $(20,000) (100%)
Operating Income , (3,000) (9,000)
Net Income (7,000) 8, ,
Other , ,

10. ANALISIS TREN
A study of the financial history of a firm  by looking at the trend of particular ratio one sees whether the ratios falling, constant, rising. Can detect problems or observe good management
Longitudinal ratio comparison
Falling
Rising
Relatively constant
Highlight
Effective management
Evidence of problems

11. ANALISIS INDUSTRI
Industry comparison complicated by highly diversified companies
Financial services
Base their analysis on industry placement
Provide composite industry data

12. SUMBER DATA INDUSTRI Financial components vary by type of industry
Merchandising
Inventory is a principal asset
Sales may be primarily for cash or on credit
Service
Inventory is low or nonexistent
Manufacturing
Large inventory holdings
Substantial investment in plant assets

13. Latihan soal
FINANCIAL REPORTING ANALYSIS – Gibson
P5-5 dan/P5-7