1. AP EURO Unit #1 – Age of Absolutism Lesson #3 Louis XIV (FRENCH ABSOLUTISM)

2. 30 Years War Chart: Who fought What happened Who won Results Phase I
Phase II
Phase III
Phase IV

3. Divine Right “By the grace of God” God chose the ruler
Kings spoke with God’s voice
Bishop Jacques Benign Bossuet: "the king, Jesus Christ, and the Church, God in His three names"

4. Bishop Jacques Benign Bossuet
“Something indescribably divine is attached to the prince and inspires fear in the people. …you are gods, that is, you have in your authority and you carry on your forehead a divine quality.”
(1680s)
Divine Right of Kings

5. How does this concept create stability?
What happens if you try to overthrow a king? What have you just declared?
How does this concept create stability?
Why will the Church support this concept?
Why will Puritans, Huguenots, and Presbyterians not support this?

6. Foundations of Absolutism
Most monarchs espoused this idea
The French kings got away with it
Kings remained ceremonial
Allowed their “favorite” to run the government
Duke of Sully ran Henry IV’s government
Cardinal Richelieu ran Louis XIII’s government
Cardinal Mazarin ran Louis XIV’s government

7. Why would using a “favorite” be a good idea for a king’s safety?

8. Henry IV (1553-1589-1610) (born-king-died)
Married (1572) age 19 (to Margo)
27 miserable years
Had a lot of mistresses
Separated (1589) (annulled 1599)
Henry III was killed (1589)
H.IV Coroneted as a Catholic king (1593) age 41
Edict of Nantes (1598)
Married Marie de Medici (1600)
“a man of vision and courage”

10. Why do you think Henry was so beloved if he was more an enemy of the French monarchy?

11. Henry IV (1553-1589-1610) (born-king-died)
Not popular becoming king
Beloved by the time he died
Highly concerned for welfare of France
regularized finances
promoted agriculture, drained swamps
public works, encouraged education
protected forests from devastation; ordered plantings
new system of tree lined highways
constructed new bridges and canals
renewed Paris as a great city
added wings to the Louvre, built Place Royal
promoter of arts for and by all classes

13. Louis XIII (1601-1610-1643) Nine years old
Power in the hands of Richelieu
Anti-Hapsburg policy
Entered Thirty Years War on Protestant side
Anti-Huguenot policy
Retracted privileges promised in Edict of Nantes
Anti-Nobles policy
Tried to control Nobles
Created resentment among Nobles
Eventually led to THE FRONDE
“Louis the Chaste” (no mistresses)

15. Louis XIV (1638-1643-1715) Was only five Nobles rebellion: THE FRONDE
Anarchy for three years ( )
Louis would never forget
Would evoke grandeur of the position
THE SUN KING
When he was a child – danced as the sun
Became his symbol
L’etat c’est moi
Suppression of Jansenists (1660)
Catholics who opposed Free will
Revocation of Edict of Nantes (1685)
10% of France Huguenot (1.7 million)
200,000 abandoned nation
3m bio on Louis XIV
45m bio on Louis XIV

17. Docs in Red Book P. 439 (Louis revokes Edict of Nantes)
P. 440 (Louis’s sister-in-law Grieves for homeland)
P (The State Portrait of Louis XIV)

20. What is his obvious attitude toward religion?
How will this be bad?
How will this create stability?
“One king, one law, one faith”

24. Versailles
3m Cribs - Versailles
3m – building Versailles

25. Describe Versailles What does this have to do with the Fronde?
Why would Louis design such and expensive and elaborate palace?
What does this have to do with the Fronde?

26. Versailles Promote image of divine ~2 billion to build
Millions to maintain
As many as 10,000 people
Four building phases
1685 – 36,000 builders, 6000 horses, 2x size of CR South
Meant to inspire awe
Created a whole culture
Hierarchy, power, prestige to even be there
Nobles who may have led the Fronde now WANTED to be there
Bigger rooms to higher rank
All had to turn in room key daily
Special day to be near the king
2m “this… is Versailles”

27. Mercantilism International trade should benefit only the nation
Create colonies
Wealth is finite – control as much as possible
Preserve bullion & Maximize exports
Jean-Baptiste Colbert – finance minister
Centralized economy
Raised the $$ Louis squandered in wars
Marquis du Louvois – war minister
Good salaries
Highly disciplined
Promotion by merit

28. Louis XIV’s Four Wars Meant to create awe of France
Often to punish enemies
Ultimately destroyed France
Louis saw himself as a warrior
Louis went in a GREAT MAN
Wars destroyed French treasury
And Louis died a year later…

29. War of Devolution (1667-1668) Louis claimed Spanish Netherlands
Belgium
Louis never got 500,000 crown dowry
Triple Alliance formed to repel French army
England
Sweden
United Provinces
Leopold (HRE) pushed for peace
Saw this as a dangerous escalation
Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle
No real change

30. Franco-Dutch War (1672-1678) Meant to punish the Dutch Treaty of Dover
Had prevented French victory
Had Louis seething
Treaty of Dover
Ended Triple Alliance
France bought English support with gold
France and England declared war on Dutch
Quick French victories
180,000 French troops
Dutch flooded land
England dropped out
HRE, Spain, Prussia joined Dutch
War ended – not much change
France clearly the dominant nation

31. Nine Years War (1688-1697) King William’s War League of Augsburg
Grand Alliance
England, Spain, Sweden, Austria
United Provinces, Bavaria, Palatinate, Saxony
Glorious Revolution (England)
French army – now 400,000
Peace of Ryswick – France got Alsace and Lorraine
William III

36. War of Spanish Succession (1701-1714)
Queen Anne’s War
Spanish King Charles “the sufferer”
Philip of Anjou
Grand Alliance
France not ready
Famine and revolts in France
Peace of Utrecht (1713)
Philip did get to be King of Spain
But, they could not unite with France
And Louis had to accept the Glorious Revolution