1. From Bull Run to Antietam
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2. Essential Questions
What was the significance of the First battle of Bull Run?
What were the strengths of the north an south?
Why were the battles in the west so important?
What was the outcome of the battles in the east in 1862?

3. Key Terms Civil War First Battle of Bull Run Casualty War of attrition
Shell
Canister
Battle of Shiloh
Battle of Antietam

4. First Battle of Bull Run
Union Gen. George McDowell knew his army wasn’t prepared to fight.
The country’s political leaders were counting on a quick victory and urged him to fight anyway.
President Lincoln told him that the enemy wasn’t prepared, either, so they were even.
McDowell’s troops left Washington and marched into Virginia.

5. First Battle of Bull Run
Union troops had greater numbers.
However, the rebels received fresh reinforcements led by Gen. Thomas Jackson.
When the rebels saw Jackson stand up amidst the battle and lead his troops into the battle, they said he stood “like a stone wall” and followed him.
The Union army broke and ran back to Washington, proving that this would not be an easy victory.

6. Prepare For War
The north was much better prepared, with more than twice as many factories, railroads, and people as the south.
The northern economy was balanced; they could make guns and grow food at the same time.
The north had a functioning government and a navy as well; the south did not.

7. Prepare For War
The south, however, had the best military leaders on their side.
They didn’t have to attack the north to win.
They were fighting to save their homes and their way of life.

8. Battles in the West
The Union saw the Mississippi River as the key to their victory.
Beginning with Forts Henry and Donelson, Union Gen. Ulysses S. Grant waged an effective war against Confederate bases along the western rivers.
Grant’s forces were surprised while marching on Corinth, an important railroad hub in Mississippi.

9. Battles in the West
At Shiloh Church, Grant’s men were camping when attacked by rebel forces.
All day, the Union army lost ground but would not surrender.
In the middle of the night, they received reinforcements, and into the next day they fought back, forcing the rebels to surrender.
On June 6 they captured Memphis.
Only two Confederate bases remained: Vicksburg and Port Hudson.

10. Battles in the East In the east, the Union did poorly.
Gen. George McClellan led a Union attack by sea to a peninsula southeast of Richmond.
On several occasions, McClellan refused to pursue and fight the enemy.
He constantly asked Lincoln to send more troops.
Eventually, he returned to Washington.

11. Battles in the East
With Richmond no longer threatened, Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee decided to attack the north.
The two armies met across Antietam Creek, outside of Sharpsburg, MD.
In what was the bloodiest single day of all of American history, each side saw more than 12,000 casualties.