1. Do Now & Announcements Tear off HW and hand it in
Answer the questions based on the vapor pressure graph
Friday: Lab & Review
Monday 3/23: Unit 8 Test

3. Label the following diagram indicating vapor pressure (VP) and air pressure (AP):

4. By putting ice on top of the flask
Temp of air inside flask:
Pressure of air inside flask:
**Explain, in terms of temperature change, atmospheric pressure, and vapor pressure, what happened in the demonstration

5. Polarity Polar Molecules- Nonpolar Molecules
non-symmetric, unequal distribution of charge in a molecule
Water is considered a polar solvent
Polar molecules can form attractive forces with water molecules
Nonpolar Molecules
symmetric distribution of charge in a molecule

6. Polarity and Solubility Demo
“Like Dissolves Like”

7. Polarity and Solubility: “Like dissolves like”
Polar substances do not dissolve in nonpolar substances
Ex: water and oil
Polar substances dissolve in polar solvents
Ex: water and alcohol
Nonpolar substances are dissolve in nonpolar substances
Ex: oil and soap

8. Covalent (Molecular) Compounds
Properties of Solids
Ionic Compounds
Covalent (Molecular) Compounds
Metals
Made up of…
Electrons are….
Physical Properties:
________ melting point & boiling point
Solids ______________ conduct electricity
When dissolved in water: _______ conduct electricity
Solids _____________ conduct electricity
When dissolved in water: _____ conduct electricity
_______ melting point & boiling point
Solids _____ conduct electricity

9. Ionic Compounds Metal + Nonmetal Electrons are transferred
HIGH melting point & HIGH boiling point
Solids DO NOT conduct electricity
Ionic compounds dissolved in water DO conduct electricity (electrolytes)

10. Covalent Compounds 2 or more Nonmetals Electrons are shared
LOW melting point & LOW boiling point
Solids DO NOT conduct electricity
Covalent compounds dissolved in water DO NOT conduct electricity (nonelectrolytes)

11. Metals Made up several atoms of the same metal
Electrons are constantly moving
HIGH melting point and HIGH boiling point
Solids DO conduct electricity

12. Note
Metals are found to the left of the “staircase” on the periodic table
Nonmetals are found to the right of the “staircase” on the periodic table

13. Definitions
Kinetic Energy=the energy associated with moving particles (i.e. atoms)
Temperature=measure of the average kinetic energy of a sample of a substance.
Heat=is measured as the energy that is transferred from one object to another because of a difference in temperature. The direction of heat flow is always from the hotter object to the colder object.

14. Demo

15. Specific Heat Capacity: The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1°C
Heat = Energy transferred due to a difference in temperatures. The amount of heat absorbed or released in a physical or chemical reaction can be calculated using the equation q = mCΔT

16. Example
How much heat is required to raise the temperature of 5 grams of water from 20°C to 100°C? The specific heat of water is 4.18 J/g°C.

17. Answer “practice 1” and “practice 2” questions

18. Answer questions 1-7 based on the “Heating Curve”

19. 1. During which 3 line segments does the temperature of the substance increase?
2. During which 2 line segments does the temperature of the substance remain the same?
3. At which point do the molecules of the substance have the lowest average kinetic energy? The highest?
  AB, CD, and EF
BC and DE
Lowest average KE: A
Highest average KE: F

20. 4. Which phases of matter are present during segment BC?
5. Which phases of matter are present during segment DE?
6. Even though heat is being added to the substance the entire time, why do you think there is no change in temperature during segments BC and DE? Where do you think the heat energy is going or being used for?   
7. Comparing segments B–C and D–E, what information is conveyed by the observation that segment D–E is longer?
Solid and liquid
Liquid and gas
The heat is being used to melt the substance (BC) or boil it (DE)
It takes more heat energy to boil the substance than it does to melt it

21. Kinetic vs. Potential Energy
Kinetic Energy=the energy associated with moving particles; related to temperature.
Potential Energy=the energy associated with the spaces between the atoms It is NOT related to temperature; it is related with phase change

22. *Heat energy is being transferred to either KE or PE
*When KE is changing, PE remains constant
*When PE is changing, KE remains constant ↑ ↑
None
(molecules still pretty close together)
None
None ↑
(Molecules are getting further apart as solid changes into liquid)
None ↑ ↑
(molecules still loosely together)
None
None ↑
(Molecules are getting further apart as liquid changes into gas) ↑ ↑
None
(molecules still far apart)

23. gas
condensation
liquid
freezing
solid
We can also apply the same concepts to a cooling curve, in which a substance is cooled (or heat is removed from a substance) over time. ↓ ↓
None
(molecules still far apart)
None
None ↓
(Molecules are getting closer together as gas changes into liquid) ↓ ↓
None
(molecules still loosely together) ↓
(Molecules are getting closer together as liquid changes into solid)
None
None ↓ ↓
None
(molecules still pretty close together)