1. The World Between the Wars (1910–1939)
Lesson 1 Revolution and Nationalism in Latin America

2. The World Between the Wars (1910–1939)
Lesson 1 Revolution and Nationalism in Latin America
Learning Objectives
Identify causes and effects of the Mexican Revolution.
Analyze the effects of economic and political nationalism on Latin America.
Trace the changing relationship between Latin America and the United States.

3. The World Between the Wars (1910–1939)
Lesson 1 Revolution and Nationalism in Latin America
Key Terms
Porfirio Díaz
haciendas,
Emiliano Zapata
Venustiano Carranza,
nationalization,
Lázaro Cárdenas
economic nationalism,
cultural nationalism,
Good Neighbor Policy,

4. The Mexican Revolution
By 1910, the dictator Porfirio Díaz had ruled Mexico for almost 35 years, winning re-election as president again and again. On the surface, Mexico enjoyed peace and economic growth. Díaz welcomed foreign investors who developed mines, built railroads, and drilled for oil.

5. The Mexican Revolution
Seeds of Discontent
Diaz rules for 35 years
Most Mexicans poor and working on Haciendas-
Madero calls for free elections- imprisoned
Diaz eventually steps down
A Complex Struggle
Madero- not radical enough, too radical?
Huerta assassinates Madero- became dictator
Revolution
Emiliano Zapata-
Poncho Villa-
Venustiano Carranza-
Millions killed
US sent troops in twice
Huerta deposed
Carranza takes over

6. The Mexican Revolution
Peasants joined the Mexican revolution in the hopes of improving their lives. Most were untrained and had few supplies, but they continued to fight for social, political, and economic change.

7. Economic and Social Reforms
Venustiano Carranza had called for a new constitution during the Mexican Revolution. But he did not like the one he had reluctantly signed in 1917 and did not institute its reforms. In 1920, rival revolutionaries arranged for his assassination. The constitution, however, survived. With some revisions, it is still in effect today.

8. Economic and Social Reforms
The Constitution of 1917
Carranza didn’t like constitution but it still survives today
Land, Religion, Labor
Nationalization of land
Limited foreign ownership
Church land was made property of nation
Helped workers
The PRI Takes Control
Main party in Mexico
PRI?
Social and Economic Reforms
Lazaro Cardenas- redistributes land to peasants

9. Economic and Social Reforms
During the Constitutional Convention in Querétaro, Venustiano Carranza chaired the committee that drafted the Constitution of The Congress approved it on February 5, 1917.

10. Economic and Social Reforms
Analyze Graphs Between 1915 and 1940, nearly 75 million acres of land were distributed to Mexico’s people, fulfilling one goal of the constitution. Which president redistributed the most land?

11. Nationalism Spreads in Latin America
The issues facing Mexico were echoed in other Latin American nations. In the early 1900s, Latin America’s economy was booming because of exports. Latin Americans sold their plentiful natural resources and cash crops to industrialized countries. In return, they bought products made in those countries.

12. Nationalism Spreads in Latin America
Economic Nationalism
Political Nationalism
Cultural Nationalism
Relations with the United States
The Good Neighbor Policy
Economic Nationalism- emphasis on home control of economies
End economic dependence on Western powers
Political nationalism- authoritarian dictators set up strong govts
Cultural Nationalism- pride in own culture
Good Neighbor Policy- US still interfered in Latin American, under new policy, they agreed to stop interfering
Still interfered

13. Nationalism Spreads in Latin America
Men load coffee onto a steamer in Santos, Brazil. Brazil has long been the world’s main exporter of coffee.

14. Nationalism Spreads in Latin America
Analyze Charts During the early 1900s, the United States regularly intervened in Latin American conflicts. What was the most common form of intervention?

15. Quiz: The Mexican Revolution
What caused many people in the urban middle class to oppose Díaz’s dictatorship and support a political revolution?
A. They wanted more land and better lives.
B. They wanted a democratic government.
C. They wanted better wages and homes.
D. They wanted control of their companies.

16. Quiz: Economic and Social Reforms
How did the Constitution of 1917 try to resolve some of the problems that started the Mexican Revolution?
A. It nationalized Mexican industries and resources.
B. It granted suffrage and other rights to the working class and to women.
C. It lessened the power of foreign investors and distributed land more equally.
D. It established the PRI, which stabilized and dominated politics for decades.

17. Quiz: Nationalism Spreads in Latin America
How were economic and political nationalism in Latin America related?
A. Both developed from the Good Neighbor Policy with the United States.
B. Both developed from the desire to reflect their culture and ancestry.
C. Both developed from the need to expand international trade.
D. Both developed from a growing wish to end foreign dependence.