1. CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY
Antigen presentation
Formation of viral proteins by macrophage
Formation of antigen-MHC complex
TH cell activation
Binding of TH cell to antigen-MHC complex
Release of cytokines from macrophage
Activation of TH cell to release cytokines
TC cell activation
Activation of virgin and memory TC cells by cytokines
Promotion of mitosis and differentiation of TC cells
Cellular destruction
Binding of effector TC cell to infected body cell
Induction of cell lysis by release of perforins.

2. Antibodies production
HUMORAL IMMUNITY
Antigen presentation
Formation of viral proteins by macrophage
Formation of antigen-MHC complex
TH cell activation
Binding of TH cell to antigen-MHC complex
Release of cytokines from macrophage
Activation of TH cell to release cytokines
B cell activation
Activation of virgin and memory B cells by cytokines
Promotion of mitosis and differentiation of B cells
Antibodies production
Release of circulating antibodies into the bloodstream from the plasma cells

3. ROLE OF CYTOKINES IN ACQUIRED IMMUNITY
TNF-b & IFN-g
Interleukin 2
Interleukin 1
Cytokine
Site of Release
Stimulus
Effects
Interleukin-1
Macrophage
Antigen-MHC complex
Release of IL-2 release from TH cells
Interleukin-2
TH cell
Antigenic stimulation
IL-1 signals
Induction of IL-2 receptor production
Activation of virgin & memory TC and B cells
TNF-b
Activated TC cell
Activated TC cells
Cytotoxicity of target cells
IFN-g
Activation of macrophages
Increased expression of MHC
TNF-b Tumor Necrosis Factor b
IFN-g Interferon g

4. STRUCTURE OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN
Glycoprotein molecules produced by plasma cells in response to an antigen
Light
Chain VL CL VH
CH1
CHO
Hinge
CH2
CH3
Heavy
Chain
Constant
Region
Variable
Region
CHO
Domains

5. STRUCTURES & FUNCTIONS OF IMMUNOGLOBULINS
Papain
Pepsin
Fc Peptides
Fab Fc
F(ab’) 2
Antigenic
binding
Effector
functions
Antigenic binding & No effector functions

6. IMMUNOGLOBULIN DIVERSITY

7. IMMUNOGLOBULINS IN ACTION
Opsonization

8. IMMUNOGLOBULINS IN ACTION
Exotoxin Neutralization

9. IMMUNOGLOBULINS IN ACTION
Viral Neutralization

10. IMMUNOGLOBULINS IN ACTION
Complement fixation

11. IMMUNOGLOBULINS IN ACTION
Cytotoxicity

12. IMMUNOGLOBULINS IN ACTION
Agglutination

13. IMMUNOGLOBULINS IN ACTION

14. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY IMMUNE RESPONSES

15. ACTIVE VERSUS PASSIVE IMMUNITY
Acquired Immunity
Naturally Acquired
Artificially Acquired